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Aspects épidémiologique et diagnostique de la dénutrition aigüe sévère chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans dans la commune de Kara
Abstract
Objective: Describe both epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of severe malnutrition (SM) in children under five years old in the Kara locality.
Patients - Method: It was a multi-centered retrospective study from October 2006 to September 2009 in the three “Internal Nutrition Recovery Centers “of Kara concerning severely malnourished children (severe loss of weight associated with a Weight / Height ratio < 70%, or the presence of nutritional oedema, with or without complications). Socials and anthropometrics data, type of SM with their various complications, are the data assessed.
Results: SM children represented 1.2% of total hospitalizations (166 cases) with female being predominant (sex ratio: 0.9). The weight/height indicator was determined in 92.8% of malnourished children. Nutritional oedemas were found in 19.9%, the appetite test crucial in determining the environment where care is given was achieved in 25.3% of the patients. Marasmus was observed in 80.1% of cases, kwashiorkor in 14.5% and the mixed form marasmic kwashiorkor in 5.4%. SM has been associated with medical complications in 98.8% of cases of which severe anemia (57.2%), dehydration (36.7%), pulmonary disease (21.1%), HIV/AIDS (14.4%) and transit disorders (12.6%).
Conclusion: Reducing the impact of the SM in children will surely require the improvement of the living conditions of their parents, good management of crops to cover periods of shortage and early detection of cases.
Keywords: Epidemiology, diagnosis, severe malnutrition, child
J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo), 2012, Série D, 14(1) : 85-90
Patients - Method: It was a multi-centered retrospective study from October 2006 to September 2009 in the three “Internal Nutrition Recovery Centers “of Kara concerning severely malnourished children (severe loss of weight associated with a Weight / Height ratio < 70%, or the presence of nutritional oedema, with or without complications). Socials and anthropometrics data, type of SM with their various complications, are the data assessed.
Results: SM children represented 1.2% of total hospitalizations (166 cases) with female being predominant (sex ratio: 0.9). The weight/height indicator was determined in 92.8% of malnourished children. Nutritional oedemas were found in 19.9%, the appetite test crucial in determining the environment where care is given was achieved in 25.3% of the patients. Marasmus was observed in 80.1% of cases, kwashiorkor in 14.5% and the mixed form marasmic kwashiorkor in 5.4%. SM has been associated with medical complications in 98.8% of cases of which severe anemia (57.2%), dehydration (36.7%), pulmonary disease (21.1%), HIV/AIDS (14.4%) and transit disorders (12.6%).
Conclusion: Reducing the impact of the SM in children will surely require the improvement of the living conditions of their parents, good management of crops to cover periods of shortage and early detection of cases.
Keywords: Epidemiology, diagnosis, severe malnutrition, child
J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo), 2012, Série D, 14(1) : 85-90
