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Etude géographique de la morbidité urbaine et du recours aux soins pour la diarrhée dans la ville de Rufisque (Sénégal)
Abstract
La ville de Rufisque présente une diversité de paysages urbains propices à l’émergence des maladies au moment où le système de santé peine à prendre en charge les besoins des citadins en matière de soins. Afin d’analyser les interactions entre les conditions socio- environnementales et l’état de santé, il a été réalisé une étude auprès d’un échantillon de 918 ménages en septembre 2018 et des entretiens avec des informateurs clés à Rufisque. Le taux de morbidité diarrhéique rapporté de 22,5% est marqué par des variations à l’échelle intraquartier qu’à l’échelle inter-quartier pouvant aller de 10 à 36% avec une concentration plus élevée chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans (11,5%). L’inégale distribution socio-spatiale de la morbidité résulte de l’exposition à un ensemble de facteurs de risque socio-démographiques, économiques et environnementaux. Le taux de recours global aux soins de 66,7% se caractérise aussi par un certain nombre de disparités que ce soit à l’échelle intraquartier qu’à l’échelle inter-quartier avec des taux plus élevés dans certains secteurs (Colobane et Thiawlène) et chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans. Selon les types d’itinéraires thérapeutiques, le recours aux soins est plus élevé dans les structures sanitaires publiques (46,3%) que les pharmacies (22,7%) et les cliniques privées et cabinets médicaux (18,2%). Toutefois, l’inégale répartition sociospatiale du recours aux soins semble être déterminée par des facteurs relatifs aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques, économiques et géographiques. Ainsi, cette étude s’inscrivant dans la perspective de la géographie de la santé a contribué à mettre en évidence des espaces et des populations à risque sanitaire.
English title: Geographical study of urban morbidity and healthcare use for diarrhoea in the city of Rufisque (Senegal)
The city of Rufisque has a diversity of urban landscapes conducive to the emergence of diseases at a time when the health system is struggling to meet the healthcare needs of city dwellers. In order to analyse the interactions between socio-environmental conditions and health status, a survey of a sample of 918 households and key informant interviews were carried out in September 2018. The reported diarrhoea morbidity rate of 22.5% is marked by variations both within and between neighbourhoods, ranging from 10 to 36%, with a higher concentration among children under 5 (11.5%). The unequal socio-spatial distribution of morbidity is the result of exposure to a range of socio-demographic, economic and environmental risk factors. The overall healthcare utilisation rate of 66.7% is also characterised by a number of disparities both within and between neighbourhoods, with higher rates in some areas (Colobane and Thiawlène) and among children under 5. Depending on the type of treatment route, the use of healthcare is higher in public health facilities (46.3%) than in pharmacies (22.7%) and private clinics and doctors' surgeries (18.2%). However, the uneven sociospatial distribution of healthcare use appears to be determined by a number of factors relating to sociodemographic, economic and geographical characteristics. As a result, this study, based on the geography of health, has helped to highlight areas and populations at risk of health problems. The city of Rufisque has a diversity of urban landscapes conducive to the emergence of diseases at a time when the health system is struggling to meet the healthcare needs of city dwellers. In order to analyse the interactions between socio- environmental conditions and health status, a survey of a sample of 918 households and key informant interviews were carried out in September 2018. The reported diarrhoea morbidity rate of 22.5% is marked by variations both within and between neighbourhoods, ranging from 10 to 36%, with a higher concentration among children under 5 (11.5%). The unequal socio-spatial distribution of morbidity is the result of exposure to a range of socio-demographic, economic and environmental risk factors. The overall healthcare utilisation rate of 66.7% is also characterised by a number of disparities both within and between neighbourhoods, with higher rates in some areas (Colobane and Thiawlène) and among children under 5. Depending on the type of treatment route, the use of healthcare is higher in public health facilities (46.3%) than in pharmacies (22.7%) and private clinics and doctors' surgeries (18.2%). However, the uneven sociospatial distribution of healthcare use appears to be determined by a number of factors relating to sociodemographic, economic and geographical characteristics. As a result, this study, based on the geography of health, has helped to highlight areas and populations at risk of health problems.