Titre des hemolysines alpha et beta chez les donneurs de sang de groupe sanguin o et leur impact potentiel sur la securite des receveurs de produits sanguins au Burkina Faso

Abstract

English Title: Titer of alpha and beta hemolysins in o group blood donors and their potential impact on blood recipients’ safety in Burkina Faso

English Abstract

Introduction: Some subjects, due to immunization episodes can develop anti-A and antiB allo-antibodies named hemolysins. These hemolysins can cause serious hemolytic accidents and newborn hemolytic disease.

Objectives: Our study aims to assess the prevalence and titer of anti-A and anti-B hemolysins in O blood group donors and to estimate the risk of post-transfusion hemolytic reactions.

Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study between June 27 and August 4, 2017 that included O blood group donors from the Ouagadougou Regional blood transfusion center. The hemolysins screening was carried out according to a standardized tube technique with saline solution.

Results: The prevalence of anti-A and anti-B hemolysins was 37.6%. Hemolysins anti-A was present in 9.7% of cases, hemolysins anti-B in 13.8% and anti-A + anti-B in 14%. Female gender (p = 0.04) and young donors (p = 0.03) were more likely to have high prevalence of hemolysins in univariate analysis. But in multivariate analysis, only female gender (OR=1.8, CI 95% [1.1-2.9]; p=0.02) was significantly associated to the presence of hemolysins. The prevalence of hemolysins of high titer (1:64) was 0.27%. The risk of post-transfusion hemolytic reactions was 2.2 x 10^-6.

Keywords: Hemolysin, Universal donors, Hemolytic reactions, Anti-A and anti-B antibodies.