Article Sidebar
Published:
Mar 1, 2025Keywords:
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright belongs to the Journal Committee of the Association of Radiographers of Nigeria (ARN).
References
Akinbami AA, Ajibola SO, Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, Dosunmu AO, Adediran A, Osunkalu VO, Osikomaiya BI, Ismail KA. Hematological profile of normal pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J Womens Health. 2013 May 3;5:227-32. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S42110. PMID: 23662089; PMCID: PMC3647602
V.N., Chidozie, Okwori Aej, Oluwatayo B.O, Adekeye A.M., Kinjir H., Okeke C., Abah I.M. and Salako Y. “Assessment of Packed Cell Volume Among Students of Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, Vom, Plateau State,” IJAR, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 457–460, May 2020, doi: 10.21474/IJAR01/10947.
C. C. Ejiofor, R. U. Ozokono, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Enugu State School of Health Technology, Oji-River, Nigeria, J. I. Ugwu, and Department of Biochemistry, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu, Nigeria, “Prevalaence of Anaemia among Preganant Women Attending 82 Division Nigerian Army Hospitals, Enugu,” Gynecol Obstet Res Open J, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–5, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.17140/GOROJ-6-148.
Y. Wei, Y. He, X. Guo, X. Lin, H. Zhu, and X. Guo, “Investigation and Analysis of Iron-Deficiency Anaemia Complicated by Splenomegaly,” IJGM, vol. Volume 14, pp. 4155–4159, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S324164.
A. Morton, “Hematological Normal Ranges in Pregnancy,” GLOWM, 2021, doi: 10.3843/GLOWM.413403.
S. A. A. Khaled and G. S. Seifeldein, “Splenomegaly in Patients With Sideropenic Anaemias: Clinical and Hematologic Significance,” J Hematol, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 83–93, 2016, doi: 10.14740/jh286w.
J. Schantz-Dunn and N. M. Nour, “Malaria and Pregnancy: A Global Health Perspective”. Reviews in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vol. 2. No. 3, pp. 186-192, 2009
R. K. Singh, “A Case of Anaemia With High-Grade Splenomegaly,” Cureus, May 2022, doi: 10.7759/cureus.24908.
A. Alyami, M. Elbashir, S. Ali, N. Shubayr, N. Alomairy, T. Refaee, et al., “Normal sonographic spleen dimensions in a healthy population in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional prospective study,” Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 100711, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jrras.2023.100711.
S. Fateh et al., “Sonographic measurement of splenic size and its correlation with body parameters,” Med Int, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 7, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3892/mi.2023.67.
M. A. Yahuza, A. M. Tabari, K. Isyaku, M. A. Suwaid, M. U. Umar, N. A. Kabo, A. A. Shehi, I. Nura, G. Idris “Sonographic measurement of spleen dimensions in healthy adults in North-Western Nigeria,” Niger J Basic Clin Sci, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 30, 2016, doi: 10.4103/0331-8540.176208.
P. M. Lamb, A. Lund, R. R. Kanagasabay, A. Martin, J. A. W. Webb, and R. H. Reznek, “Spleen size: how well do linear ultrasound measurements correlate with three-dimensional CT volume assessments?,” BJR, vol. 75, no. 895, pp. 573–577, Jul. 2002, doi: 10.1259/bjr.75.895.750573.
Z. Mustapha, A. Tahir, M. Tukur, M. Bukar, and W.-K. Lee, “Sonographic determination of normal spleen size in an adult African population,” European Journal of Radiology, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. e133–e135, Jul. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.09.025.
O. Ehimwenma and M. Tagbo, “Determination of normal dimension of the spleen by ultrasound in an endemic tropical environment,” Niger Med J, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 198, 2011, doi: 10.4103/0300-1652.86141.
A. Obed, A. Maryam, and A. Umar, “Malaria Parasite Infection and its Effect on Packed Cell Volume among Pregnant Women in Zaria, Nigeria,” Int J Trop Dis, vol. 4, no. 2, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.23937/2643-461X/1710055.
Lara A. Friel (2023) Anemia in Pregnancy - Gynecology and Obstetrics - MSD Manual Professional Edition. Accessed online on 24/2/2024 @ Anemia in Pregnancy - Gynecology and Obstetrics - MSD Manual Professional Edition (msdmanuals.com)
O. A. Olatunbosun, A. M. Abasiattai, E. A. Bassey, R. S. James, G. Ibanga, and A. Morgan, “Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women at Booking in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2014, pp. 1–8, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/849080.
K. Tishkowski and V. Gupta, “Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate”. NCBI Bookshelf. PMID: 32491417, Accessed on 24/2/2024 @ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557485/?report=printable
Grieger JA, Hutchesson MJ, Cooray SD, et al. A review of maternal overweight and obesity and its impact on cardiometabolic outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum. Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health. 2021;15. doi:10.1177/2633494120986544.
L. Poston, L. F. Harthoorn, and E. M. Van Der Beek, “Obesity in Pregnancy: Implications for the Mother and Lifelong Health of the Child. A Consensus Statement,” Pediatr Res, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 175–180, Feb. 2011, doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182055ede.
P. S. Ramsey and R. S. Schenken, “Obesity in pregnancy: Complications and maternal management”. Assessed online on 24/2/2024 via https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-in-pregnancy-complications-and-maternal-management.
Main Article Content
Assessment of Anaemia Induced Splenomegaly Using Radio-Haematological Indices in a Tropical African Community
Abstract
Background: Anaemia affects about 50% of pregnant women worldwide and 75% in tropical African regions. Splenomegaly is incidentally diagnosed among pregnant women on routine antenatal ultrasonography with a suspected cause of anaemia.
Objective: To assess the nexus between anaemia and splenomegaly among pregnant women in a tropical African region.
Methodology: Prospective longitudinal research employing an ultrasound scan (using a 3.5 MHz convex transducer) on 120 pregnant women was conducted to assess foetal biometry and maternal spleen. Laboratory tests consisting of packed cell volume (PCV), Reticulocyte counts, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and Malaria parasite were conducted to assess anaemia, bone marrow response, presence of infectious disease, and malaria parasite, respectively. Patients' age, weight, and height were recorded, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated.
Results: Patients' ages ranged between 17 and 56 years with mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 26.12 ±3.7 with 66% in their third trimester. The mean and SD of the weight, height and BMI are 67.00 ±11.0, 1.57 ±0.16 and 24.02 ±1.50 respectively. Spleen length ranges from 12.1 cm to 18.5 cm with a mean of 14.88 ±2.0. PCV levels were found to be lower than the normal range with a mean % of 29.29 ±2.0.
Conclusion: The findings of this study, indicate a relationship between splenomegaly and anaemia among pregnant women without underlying health conditions or previous history of organomegaly. Wide-ranging research is recommended to gather additional information that can help reduce the incidence of anaemia and, consequently, maternal death in expectant mothers in low-income communities.
