Evaluating estimated daily intake versus acceptable daily intake of heavy metals in Farfantepenaeus notialis from Bodija market, Ibadan: a comprehensive risk assessment

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the health risks associated with heavy metal contamination in Farfantepenaeus notialis, sourced from Bodija Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The concentrations of Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) were analyzed, and the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for each metal was calculated. The EDIs were then compared with the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) limits set by regulatory bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess potential health risks. Additionally, a correlation analysis was conducted to investigate relationships between the concentrations of these heavy metals. The results revealed that the EDI values for Cu (0.8457 mg/kg/day), Cd (0.0029 mg/kg/day), Pb (0.1143 mg/kg/day), and Hg (0.0057 mg/kg/day) exceeded the ADI limits (Cu: 0.5 mg/kg/day, Cd: 0.001 mg/kg/day, Pb: 0.0036 mg/kg/day, Hg: 0.0001 mg/kg/day), indicating significant potential health risks. In contrast, the EDI for As (0.0000 mg/kg/day) was below the ADI limit (0.0003 mg/kg/day), suggesting no immediate health risk from Arsenic contamination. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between the concentrations of certain heavy metals, with notable correlations observed between Pb and Hg (0.70), Cd and Hg (0.60), and Pb and Cd (0.55). These findings suggest possible common sources or pathways of contamination in the seafood from Bodija Market. This study highlights the need for stringent monitoring and regulatory measures to ensure the safety of seafood consumed by the population. The significant health risks associated with the consumption of Farfantepenaeus notialis contaminated with Cu, Cd, Pb, and Hg underscore the importance of addressing heavy metal contamination in seafood. The correlation analysis provides further insights into the potential sources and interactions of these contaminants, emphasizing the complexity of seafood safety management.