Phytochemical screening of selected browse species in Federal College Wildlife Maanagement New Bussa, Niger State

Abstract

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemical nutrients (saponins, flavonoids, phtobatanin, chakones and glycosides) in ten different plants species, Burkea africana, Sterculia setigera, Nauclea latifolia, Khaya senegalensis, Entanda africana, Parkia biglobosa, Terminalia microptera, Bridelia ferugina, Boswellia dalzeli and Vitex doniana were investigated were assessed. The phytochemical test was conducted on the ethanol extracts of leaves and bark of the plants investigated. The plant materials, Parkia biglobosa, Terminalia microptera, and Khaya senegalensis were found to contain all the active components assessed. Highest (83.20%) percentage of dry matter occurred in Terminalia microptera and the least (52.19% ) in Nunclae latifolia. The highest parentage of Saponin occurred in Pakia biglobosa (85 ±0.332mg/g) while the least was recorded in Boswellia dalzelli (58.54 ±0.752mg/g). Highest parentage of flavonoids occurred in Terminalia microptera (52 ±0.842 mg/g) and the lowest value (24.64 ±0.47 mg/g) in Sterculia setigera. Generally, low value of total phenol with the highest value found in Khaya Senegalensis (3.45 ±0.032mg/g) and least value in Terminalia microptera (0.435±0.007mg/g) this can be attributed to microclimate, genetic formation or immature parts of the plant sampled. The study provided awareness on the potential value of the plants and ecological importance of the studied area.

Keywords: Active constituents, wild plants, qualitative and quantitative, medicinal values