Interrogating the Multifaceted Nature of the Somalian Conflict and the Challenges for the African Union's Peacekeeping Mandate

Abstract

The Somalian conflict remains one of the most protracted
and complex crises in Africa, characterized by intersecting
factors such as terrorism, clan rivalries, political
instability, and regional interference. This study examined
how the multifaceted nature of the Somalian conflict has
impeded the African Union's ability to fulfil its
peacekeeping mandate, with particular focus on the
African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The
fundamental objective of the study is to identify the specific
challenges posed by the complex dynamics of the conflict
and provide actionable recommendations for improving
the effectiveness of the African Union's interventions. The
study employed Conflict Transformation Theory, as it
evaluates how deep-rooted, systemic issues have sustained
the conflict and hindered peacebuilding efforts. The study
adopted historical/descriptive research design harped on
qualitative research method, by relying on document
analysis of reports, policy briefs, and scholarly articles on
Somalia's conflict and AMISOM's operations. Major
findings revealed that the African Union faces significant
obstacles, including Al-Shabaab's asymmetric warfare
tactics, weak governance structures in Somalia, lack of
coordination among regional and international actors,
and insufficient resources for AMISOM. These challenges
have prevented the African Union from achieving
sustainable peace and stability in Somalia. The study
recommended a multifaceted approach to peacekeeping,
including stronger collaboration with the Somali
government, enhanced funding and logistical support for
AMISOM, and an inclusive peacebuilding strategy that
addresses the root causes of the conflict, such as clan
divisions and economic deprivation.