Factors Affecting Water User Associations’ Performance in Managing Water Resources in Ruvu Catchment, Pangani Basin, Tanzania

Abstract

This study evaluates factors influencing Water User
Associations (WUAs) in managing water resources
within Tanzania's Ruvu Catchment, Pangani Basin, and
identifies key determinants of their performance.
Employing a quantitative approach and case study
design, data were collected from 91 WUA leaders,
members, staff, and stakeholders through purposive
sampling using questionnaires. Data analysis,
conducted with IBM SPSS V27, included descriptive
and inferential statistics presented in tables. Results
indicate that financial constraints significantly hinder
WUA operations, particularly for MIWALENI Spring
WUA. Limited access to training and capacity-building
programs weakens effectiveness. Governance practices
favor decentralized and hybrid models, encouraging
participatory decision-making; however, community
involvement remains moderate due to training and
technical resource limitations. Infrastructure
deficiencies and lack of technical expertise further
impact performance. The study underscores the need
for comprehensive capacity-building and institutional
support to enhance WUA effectiveness. To address
financial constraints, sustainable funding mechanisms,
including water tariffs, donor grants, and publicprivate partnerships, are recommended. Additionally,
regular technical and governance training programs
should be implemented to bridge knowledge gaps and
empower WUA members. These measures can
contribute to more effective and sustainable water
resource management in similar catchment areas.