Effects of Gender Biases on Project Performances in Water and Sanitation Projects in Njombe Region

Abstract

Gender biases in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
(WASH) projects globally, regionally, and in Tanzania
pose significant challenges to effective project
management. This study examines gender
representation in leadership roles and the performance
of NGO-led WASH projects in Njombe, Tanzania. Using
a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from
197 participants, including project managers,
beneficiaries, and stakeholders, to assess the effects of
leadership inclusivity on project outcomes such as
timelines, budget adherence, and stakeholder
satisfaction. Findings revealed a strong positive
correlation (r = 0.628, p < 0.001) between genderbalanced leadership and budget adherence. Similarly,
inclusive leadership demonstrated a significant positive
influence on stakeholder satisfaction and project
timeliness. Respondents highlighted that maledominated leadership structures often contributed to
delays and inefficiencies, while projects with greater
female representation showed improved decisionmaking and resource utilization. The study emphasizes
the importance of implementing gender-inclusive
policies and leadership training to promote balanced
representation in decision-making roles. By fostering
inclusivity, WASH projects can enhance their efficiency,
ensure timely completion, and build stronger trust with
stakeholders.