Prevalence and prognosis of cerebrovascular accident in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Cases of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) are a common occurrence within the population of Zaria, causing much morbidity and significant mortality. Population-based research in stroke (CVA) has provided a foundation for development of new ideas and approach aimed at preventing as much disability from stroke as is feasible. In order to determine the prevalence and prognosis of CVA in Zaria, a retrospective study of 51 patients admitted into Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Tudun Wada, Zaria, Nigeria, between the period of January and December 1999 was carried out. The relationship between age, sex, occupation, possible etiologies and / or precipitating factors and prevalence of the disease was determined. Results show that the age of the patients ranged from 20 to over 100 years, with the highest occurrence of CVA in the age bracket 41-60 (37.2%) and 61-80 (41.1%). More males (56.9%) than females were affected. Housewives (45.1%) and traders (21.6%) appear to be at greater risk. Hypertension is the main factor in etiology of CVA (98.0%). Other factors: cigarette smoking, diabetes, use of oral contraceptive and heart disease, aggravate this condition. The study also revealed that management is along symptomatic and supportive lines in this centre. Prognosis was found to be about 50%. In conclusion, CVA occurs at a relatively high frequency in this area causing much disability. The disease is common among low income earners affecting males as well as females. There is also a need to improve management strategies for this disorder in this centre.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources Vol. 2(2) 2005: 169-173