Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

Ocimum gratissimum, commonly known as clove basil or aromatic basil, has been traditionally utilized for its potential medicinal benefits, including anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg po. Using a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) model, mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group). The animals were weighed during the CUMS exposure to monitor stress-induced changes. The negative control group received normal saline, while the positive control group was administered Imipramine (30 mg/kg po) and three treatment groups received the extract. Behavioural responses were assessed using the elevated plus maze, open field test, and forced swim test, with body weight changes monitored as a stress indicator. Results showed that animals treated with O. gratissimum extract at all doses tested showed significant reductions in anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviours
compared to the negative control. Weight loss, a common indicator of stress, was significantly mitigated in the O. gratissimum treated groups. These findings suggest that O. gratissimum possesses substantial anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, with higher doses showing greater efficacy and improved weight maintenance, supporting its traditional use in managing anxiety and depression.