Neuropharmacological activities of the aqueous fraction of methanol extract of Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex. Willd) Baill. root bark in mice

Abstract

Securinega virosa (Euphorbiaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant in the management of epilepsy and mental illnesses. Previously, the anticonvulsant and antipsychotic activities of the methanol root bark extract have been reported. In an attempt to isolate the bioactive principle(s) responsible for these activities, this study was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant and CNS depressant activities of the aqueous fraction of the root bark extract in mice. The fraction at the dose of 500 mg/kg protected 66.67% of the mice against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure and prolonged the onset of seizure in unprotected animals. The fraction did not offer significant protection against strychnine and 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures. At all the doses tested (125-500 mg/kg), the fraction significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of head dips (in the hole board test), upward stairs climbed and rearings (in the stair case test). In the beam walking assay, the fraction significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of foot slips. The findings of the study suggested that aqueous fraction of the methanol root bark extract of Securinega virosa possesses anti-PTZ and sedative activities; and further lend credence to the use of the root of the plant in the management of epilepsy and mental illness.

Keywords: Securinega virosa; Epilepsy; Sedatives; Pentylenetetrazole