Comparative growth inhibitory assay of the fractions of methanol extract of corn silk (Zea mays L.) .

Abstract

Cancer cells, like meristematic cells, exhibit uncontrolled high proliferation and this has led to the recognition that compounds capable of exerting anti-proliferative effects are potential anti-cancer agents. This was investigated using predictive bench-top assay method of germinating seed radicle of Guinea Maize (Sorghum icolor). The material of the plant used was the silk of corn (Zea mays L.) which is a collection of the stigmas (fine, soft and yellowish threads) from the female flowers of the maize plant. The extraction of the plant material was performed using Soxhlet apparatus with methanol and the extract was concetrated using a rotary evaporator at 40oC. The methanolic extract of Zea mays silk was subjected to solvent partitioning with water and chloroform to obtain respective fractions. The phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenols and cardiac glycoside. Varying concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml) of the extract were prepared for aqueous and chloroform fractions. The radicle growth length was measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and results expressed in percentage. The antiproliferative activity of the fractions was concentration (dose) –dependent. When compared to the aqueous fraction, the chloroform fraction was more effective and completely inhibited seed germination at 30 mg/ml. The results suggest that Zea mays silk extract may be used in the preparation of formulations for tumour-related ailements. However, further investigation using tumour in vitro/ in vivo cell lines may be necessary to justify this claim.