Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by pregnant women in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region, central Morocco

Abstract

Despite advances in modern medicine, limitations persist. In response, scientific research is revisiting the benefits of natural products, particularly homeotherapy. Limited healthcare access in developing countries is another factor driving the population towards traditional medicine. Herbal medicine is viewed as a viable alternative, especially among pregnant women, despite limited safety data. This study aims to document the use of medicinal plants by pregnant and postpartum women in Beni Mellal-Khenifra region and identify associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 postpartum women in the maternity ward of the regional hospital of Beni Mellal. Most women (63.75%) reported using medicinal plants during pregnancy, labor, and after dilevery. Significant correlations were found between medicinal plants usage and family structure, residence, and education level (p<0.05). The study identified 20 plant species used for various health issues, with Lepidium sativum, Peganum harmala, and Trigonella foenum-graecum being the most common. Medicinal plants were used for dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic purposes, with gastrointestinal disorders, urinary tract infections, and anemia being the most frequently treated conditions. Adverse effects were reported by 5.88% of users. Family and friends constituted the primary source of information (34.73%). Pregnant women in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region widely utilize herbal medicine for various purposes, despite the potential risks associated with certain remedies. There is a pressing need for enhanced education and awareness regarding the safe use of herbal medicine during pregnancy.