Use of Azimuthal square-array direct-current resistivity method to determine geological fractures in the golf course area, Kaduna north, Nigeria

Abstract

Azimuthal square array using direct-current electrical resistivity was used to determine the presence of fracture in Kaduna Golf Club, Kaduna state Northwest Nigeria. The objective is to apply the electrical resistivity method using square array technique to identify probable geological structures (faults and fracture) within the study area as may influence groundwater condition and to identify fracture anisotropy. With the aid of Ohmega resistivity meter, the square array data were collected in five profiles, with each rotated at different azimuths ranging from 00ᵒ to 180ᵒ at an interval of 15ᵒ at an electrode spacing of 12m and 15m respectively. The polar plots showed variation of resistivity with azimuths which is indicate of the presence of electrical anisotropy. Fracture strike was found with dominant strike in the SW and SE directions, while the calculated apparent coefficient of anisotropy (??) varies from 1.0 to 3.4 which shows the presence of rocks with different physical properties in different orientation in the subsurface of the study area.