Prevalence of Dysglycaemia among treatment-naïve Human Immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients in Uyo, Nigeria.

Abstract

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, as well as the use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) have been linked with the development of various glucose abnormalities, including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The study aimed at determining the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance, (IGT) and DM in HAART-naïve HIV-seropositive patients in Uyo, Nigeria and correlate these glucose abnormalities with their clinical and immunologic status.

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study of 210 participants, composed of 105 HAART-naïve HIV-seropositive patients (group A), and equal number of sex-and age-matched HIV-negative group, (group B). Pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires and hospital records were used for data collection. Fasting plasma glucose and Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests were performed for the respondents. The results were analyzed, using SPSS v 20.

Results: There was no difference in the age and gender distribution between both groups (p=0.880 for age and p=0.943 for gender). Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT), DM and dysglycaemia (IFG and DM) were significantly more prevalent in group A than group B [16.2% versus 3.8% (95% CI 1.582 to 15.041) for IFG, 11.4% versus 2.9% (95% CI 1.200 to 16.033) for IGT, 8.6% versus 1% (95% CI 1.213 to 78.397) for DM, and 24.8% versus 4.8% (95% CI 2.290 to 17.060) for dysglycaemia]. Independent associations with dysglycemia included clinical stage 2 of HIV disease (p=0.01) and family history of DM (p=0.01).

Conclusion: There is a significantly higher prevalence of dysglycaemia in HAART-naïve HIV-seropositive patients in Uyo, when compared with HIV-negative group.