Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences Research

An Explainable Deep Learning Model for Illegal Dress Code Detection and Classification

Mukhtar Abubakar — 2025-02-19

This study introduces an explainable deep learning model for detecting and classifying dress code violations, leveraging a custom dataset of 130 images categorized into four classes: illegal male dressing, illegal female dressing, legal male dressing, and legal female dressing. The proposed model was built on a pre-trained MobileNetV2 architecture, fine-tuned to achieve a training accuracy of 100% and a validation accuracy of 90%. The model's performance is further validated through a confusion matrix, demonstrating robust classification capabilities, particularly for legal male and female dress codes, with minor misclassifications in the illegal categories. To ensure interpretability, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and Gradient Magnitude Heatmaps are employed, providing insights into the model’s decision-making process. The SHAP visualizations reveal the pixel-level contributions to the predictions, while the Gradient Magnitude Heatmaps highlight regions of sensitivity, emphasizing the model's focus on distributed patterns across the images. The alignment between these techniques confirms the reliability of the model's feature extraction capabilities and underscores its generalizability. This paper not only achieves high classification accuracy but also integrates explainability techniques to enhance transparency and trust, making it suitable for socially sensitive applications. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of combining high-performance deep learning models with robust explainability frameworks to address complex classification challenges.

A Study on a Couette Flow of Conducting Fluid Heated/Cooled Asymmetrically

Ibrahim Y. — 2025-02-19

This work presented a study on buoyancy force rate in couette conducting fluid flow. Quality of energy in the fluid flow problem was studied by the introduction of entropy. The mathematical model was transformed to non-dimensional form and solved using an analytical method of the regular perturbation technique in the absence of time. Various pertinent parameters with their effects on the velocity, temperature, entropy, volume flow rate was discussed and presented graphically. It is intriguing to observe that the findings of this study align with those of the anchor paper when the buoyancy force parameter is deactivated in the present work.

Effect of Restraint Stress and Anxietyon Milk Production in Female Westar Rats

Toryila J. E. — 2025-02-19

There has been study on quality of breast-milk per feeding, exclusive breastfeeding but little or nothing on the effect of stress on milk production. This study was carried out to determine the effect of restraint stress and anxiety on milk production using animal model.20 female and 10 male Wistarrats were used for the study. The female rats were caged with mature males in the ratio 5 females to 2 males for two weeks. On delivery, the female rats were separated into their own cages. Each dam in a cage with adequate water and food. The experimental stressor was restraint stress (RSx1) for one hour on day 21. Rats were restrained in a customized Plexiglas Restrainer for restraint stress. After delivery and prior to exposure to physical restraint stressors, the pups of each dam and the dams were weighed using a digital weighing scale with 0.1g precision. These weights were recorded. The dams from each group were euthanized and their blood samples were collected in a plain test tube for hormonal assay using ELISA technique.The results showed that the rats which were subjected to restraint stress showed an increase in milk production compared to the control group (P≤0.05). In the control group the milk yield is 51.3ng/ml, which was relatively low compared to that of group four (the group that underwent restraint stress for 18 days) which is 291.7ng/ml. Hormonal assay showed elevations of prolactin and oxytocin level (P ≤0.05).This study suggest the relationship between maternal stress and breastfeeding.