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Thyroid Hormones and Glycaemic Indices in Types 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Studies comparing the relationship between thyroid hormones and the glycaemic indices in Types 1 and 2 diabetics are scanty. This study compared the relationship between thyroid hormones and glycaemic indices in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics on various therapies. The thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total
thyroxine (T4), total triodothyronine (T3) and the glycaemic indices; fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and C-peptide were assayed. Blood specimens from 18 Type 1 and 143 Type 2 diabetics attending out-patient diabetic clinics and 105 apparently healthy age matched non-diabetic control subjects were analyzed. The levels of FPG and HbA1C were significantly higher in Type 1 than in Type 2 diabetics, while C-peptide was significantly lower in Type 1 diabetics than in Type 2 subjects. Correlation analysis between TSH and HbA1C in Type 2 diabetics showed significant association (r = 0.211, p = 012) while a similar analysis in Type 1 diabetics showed a negative association that was
insignificant (r =- 0.276, P = 0.268). The correlation between T3 and HbA1C in Type 1 was negative and was not significant (r = - 0.258, p = 0.302), whereas the correlation in Type 2 was positive (r = 0.192, p = 0.049). A negative correlation existed between HbA1C and FT4 in Type 1 diabetics. C-peptide levels showed a positive correlation with T3 levels in Type 2 diabetics. There were associations between thyroid hormones (FT4, T3 and TSH) and the glycaemic indices (HbA1C and Cpeptide) in diabetics, the direction and magnitude of which vary with diabetes class Types 1 and 2 diabetics. Variation in the levels of thyroid hormones influences the levels of glycaemic indices in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes differently.
thyroxine (T4), total triodothyronine (T3) and the glycaemic indices; fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and C-peptide were assayed. Blood specimens from 18 Type 1 and 143 Type 2 diabetics attending out-patient diabetic clinics and 105 apparently healthy age matched non-diabetic control subjects were analyzed. The levels of FPG and HbA1C were significantly higher in Type 1 than in Type 2 diabetics, while C-peptide was significantly lower in Type 1 diabetics than in Type 2 subjects. Correlation analysis between TSH and HbA1C in Type 2 diabetics showed significant association (r = 0.211, p = 012) while a similar analysis in Type 1 diabetics showed a negative association that was
insignificant (r =- 0.276, P = 0.268). The correlation between T3 and HbA1C in Type 1 was negative and was not significant (r = - 0.258, p = 0.302), whereas the correlation in Type 2 was positive (r = 0.192, p = 0.049). A negative correlation existed between HbA1C and FT4 in Type 1 diabetics. C-peptide levels showed a positive correlation with T3 levels in Type 2 diabetics. There were associations between thyroid hormones (FT4, T3 and TSH) and the glycaemic indices (HbA1C and Cpeptide) in diabetics, the direction and magnitude of which vary with diabetes class Types 1 and 2 diabetics. Variation in the levels of thyroid hormones influences the levels of glycaemic indices in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes differently.
