Nadharia za Uhakiki kama Mchakato wa Kutaalamisha Usomaji wa Fasihi

Abstract

Utunzi na uhakiki wa fasihi ya Kiswahili umepanuka sana katika miongo mitano iliyopita. Makala haya yananuia kuonyesha dhima ya nadharia katika kutaalamisha usomaji wa fasihi. Nadharia za uhakiki (na wakati mwingine za utunzi) zimepevusha usomaji na uhakiki kwa viwango ambavyo havingeweza kukadirika hapo awali. Kwa njia hii, lugha ya Kiswahili imeweza kueleza maarifa anuwai kwa viwango vya juu. Nadharia na mikondo ya uhakiki kama usemezano na udenguzi vimetuwezesha kuchanganua matini ya kifasihi kwa jicho la upekuzi. Kwa upande mwingine, changamoto katika utumiaji wa baadhi ya nadharia hizi zimejitokeza na zinapaswa kutathminiwa katika mazingira ambamo lugha ya Kiswahili inaendelea kutumiwa kufafanulia ujuzi wowote ule. Makala haya yanatalii manufaa ya matumizi ya nadharia katika uhakiki na kuweka wazi matatizo yanayoandamana na matumizi ya baadhi ya nadharia hizo. Hatimaye, njia mwafaka ya kufuatwa imependekezwa.

The authorship and criticism of Kiswahili literature has expanded exponentially in the last five decades. This article intends to show the role of theory in professionalizing the reading of the literature. Critical theories (and sometimes creative ones) have deepened and enriched reading and criticizing Kiswahili literature to levels that had not been contemplated previously. In this way, Kiswahili has been able to express diverse and sophisticated ideas. Theories and literary currents such as dialogism and deconstructionism have facilitated careful and systematic analysis of Kiwahili literary texts. On the other hand, the proliferation of so many theories have been replete with challenges associated with relevance and adaptability in a context in which Kiswahili is increasingly becoming a vehicle for elaborating any type of knowledge. The article explores advantages of using theory to inform criticism and also lays bare problems faced in applying some of them. Finally, the way forward is proposed.