Nutritional status and morbidity in children 0-5years seen in Jos University Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Malnutrition underlies more than 50% of childhood mortality in Nigeria. It contributes significantly to mortality rates in children less than 5years of age. Prevalent childhood illnesses beyond the neonatal period are acute respiratory infections amongst other and outcome of treatment is invariably related to nutritional status. We sought to  determine the morbidity pattern and nutritional status of children 5 years and below admitted into the children emergency unit without primary diagnosis of malnutrition. Consenting subjects over a one year period between  0-5years were recruited into the study. Data retrieved included age, sex, weight, length/height and mid-upper arm circumference, clinical diagnosis amongst others. Seventy three subjects 5years and below were recruited out of 113 patients seen during the period. Mean age 21.518.5months. Most (43.8%) were infants. Acute respiratory infections (pneumonia, bronchiolitis and pharyngotonsillitis) accounted for 51.4% of admission, malaria 22.3% sickle cell  anaemia 8.3% and UTI 6.1% amongst others. Malnutrition was seen in 48.9% using WHZ, 15.1% had severe acute malnutrition, 10.9% were overweight while 9.6% had severe stunting. Most cases of SAM were seen in patients with pneumonia (35.7%). Malaria had mainly subjects with MAM (60%). Over-nutrition was seen more in subjects with UTI (50%), pneumonia (28.4%), bronchiolitis (33.3%) and malaria (20%). Severe stunted was noted among  subjects with pneumonia (21.4%), UTI (25%) and bronchiolitis (33.3%). Malnutrition remains an underlying  co-morbidity in children 5years and below. Intensified efforts at community and clinical management of  malnutrition in all children is needed.