Ethnic Fragmentation & Economic Development A Multidimensional Exploration of Kenya Since 1963

Abstract

This research article explores the multidimensional impact of ethnic divisions, and delves on issues of marginalization, inequalities, and disparities. It also seeks to elaborate on how government policies deal with marginalization; and lastly, the aspect of Africanisation and inequalities in Kenya. In its discussion, it employs the ideas of pragmatism philosophy and the Relative Deprivation Theory. Various literatures have been reviewed and the gaps identified. Methodologically, it has adopted a historical research design, as the research that culminated into this write-up simultaneously qualitative and historical. In its findings, it has established that marginalisation, inequalities and other forms of disparities are as a result of ethnicity and ethnic-based politics, which have been the central basis of discrimination in Kenya since the colonial era. Additionally, rural and urban inequalities in resource allocation and development were also noticeable, as were gender inequalities. It considers, the adopted distributive policies, seen during Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi’s era, as that which targeted the marginalised and minority communities as well those in rural areas. It contends that marginalization in Kenya has been deeply entrenched, with certain ethnic groups facing systemic exclusion from political power, economic opportunities, and social services.