Main Article Content

Impact of development induced displacement in Kerala, India


K. Manjula
T.A. Arun Kumar
K.A. Aneesh

Abstract

The present research study investigates the impact of land acquisition for development on the lives and livelihoods of displaced  households from three major development project sites in Kerala, a state in South India.  The projects sites include Kannur International  Airport Ltd (KIAL) at Kannur, Techno City at Trivandrum and  International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT) at Ernakulam in  Kerala1. A total of 227 households  were selected randomly from the 555 displaced households of these sites for detailed enquiry using a  validated  structured questionnaire. Information on their loss of physical assets, social assets, livelihood, and food security  were collected  to compare their quality of life before and after displacement. A Quality of Life Index (QLI) of  these households was then  constructed using nine parameters: access to land, ownership of residence, quality of  housing, food security, health of family members,  employment status, access to basic infrastructure, nature of  community life and extent of social inclusion. The major findings reveal that  their QLI changed significantly. The  statistical analysis using T-test showed that in each project site it got reduced significantly (p- value<0.01). Their  overall living conditions also showed that the displaced from KIAL had higher QLI compared to those from ICTT  and  Techno City. This resulting observation can partly be explained due to factors such as good governance and  unique community  approaches of the acquisition agencies. In conclusion we observed that if the free market  mechanism in its urge to climb new heights  unsettles the development needs of the poor, the state must definitely  frame laws to prevent that and ensure adequate and timely  resettlement of the victims of development.  


Journal Identifiers


eISSN: 1920-5813
print ISSN: 1920-5805