Effects of ploughing depth variations on maize (Zea mays) growth: a study at Nyankpala in the Northern Region of Ghana

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of different ploughing depths on maize (Zea mays) growth at Nyankpala in the Northern Region of Ghana. Plant height, leaf count, and stem girth were measured at no-plough (NT), 10-20 cm (PD₂₀), and 20-30 cm (PD₃₀) depths. Soil bulk density and texture were also determined for NT, PD₂₀, and PD₃₀. Plant data were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance in GENSTAT statistical program, and the means were separated with the least significant difference (LSD) at p<0.05. The results revealed significant differences between the various depths of ploughing, with the best maize growth characteristics recorded under PD₃₀, followed by PD₂₀ and finally, NT. The PD₃₀ had nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) contents of 0.24 %, 6.08 mg/kg, and 58 mg/kg, respectively, followed by NT with NPK contents of 0.13 %, 5.23 mg/kg, and 46 mg/kg, respectively. The bulk density of the soil decreased with increasing ploughing depth. From the results, the study recommends a plough depth of about 20-30 cm for maize production in the study area and other regions with similar physical soil properties and agronomic practices.