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Main Article Content
Nutritional profile of selected flood-recession sorghum cultivars from Chad
Abstract
Flood-recession sorghum, known in Chad as berbéré, cultivated at the end of the rainy season, represents a quarter of the total cereal production. Surveys, collections of cultivars, and agronomic trials have been carried out, but no physicochemical constituents have been analyzed. For this study, major mineral and tannin content of four main cultivars were evaluated. Morphological traits of the panicles and seeds were determined using the sorghum descriptor. The mineral content was determined by classical chemical analysis methods. The cultivars are distinctly characterized by the color of their seeds. Their panicles are compact. The glumes are all black and cover a quarter of the seeds. Their endosperm is mainly starchy. For mineral components, the gaps between the minimum and maximum values are high for tannin but relatively low for protein, ash, and fiber, and moderate for others. The coefficients of variation range from 2.50 to 24.10 %. Significant to highly significant differences are observed for all variables. The yellow-grained Djiressé Asfar cultivar has the highest protein (11.17 %), ash (2.07 %), iron (7.21 mg / 100 g), and zinc (8.92 mg / 100 g) contents. The whitegrained Djiressé Beïda presents high starch (64.26 %), fiber (2.74 %), and calcium (17.07 mg / 100 g) concentrations. The red-grained Djiressé Ahmar has low protein (9.67 %), starch (60.32%), ash (1.71 %), fiber (2.61 %), iron (4.37 mg / 100 g), tannin (26mg ETA/100 g) concentrations, and medium calcium (13.61 mg / 100 g), zinc (5.64 mg / 100 g) concentrations. Gagnan cultivar has low protein (9.67 %), starch (61.91 %), fiber (2.39 %), calcium (12.22 mg /100 g), zinc (4.99 mg / 100 g) and intermediate ash (1.91%), iron (5.35 mg / 100 g) contents. Tannin content varies between 25 and 42 mg ETA/100 g.
Practical application
These results show that the flood-recession sorghum cultivars are an important source of nutrients diversity. These nutritional values can be used to develop high-quality nutritional products. The morphological traits and mineral components highlighted can be integrated in a national breeding program.
