Laboratory clinical assessment of patients with AML over six years (2010-15) in Hematology -Oncology of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz

Abstract

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia is a group of neoplasm of the bone marrow that hasclinical similarity but has but a specific cellular morphology and genetics.AML includes about 90-80% of adult acute leukemia and is the third leading cause of death due to cancer in people aged 30-18 years old. So, this study aims to examine patients with AML in a clinical laboratory manner who have been diagnosed over six years (2010-15) in Hematology-Oncology section of Namazi hospital and admitted there.

Method: By using acute myeloid leukemia patients' records who had been hospitalized six years (94-89) in Hematology-Oncology section of Namazi hospital, this study was performed retrospectively.The necessary data included age, sex, diagnosing leukemia type, place of birth, occupation, time of admission and discharge, duration of hospitalization, the patient's chief complaint and other complaints, the duration of the preliminary symptoms prior to diagnosis, history of smoking and exposure to radiation or chemicals, physical examination findings and laboratory findings including blood chemistry and bone marrow, study of cerebrospinal fluid in case it had been done, positive culture and information relating to the treatment of early response, duration of remission, complications of induction of remission and the time of  recurrence and death and the cause of death, all of which were recorded in a form that was attached. The results of this study are indicated in an observational way. But, wherever it was possible, comparison was done and this comparison was evaluated using Z test. P <0.05 is significant.

Results: During this period, 244 patients were diagnosed and hospitalized that 141 of them (58%) were male and 103 (42%) were female. Then, M1 with (20%), M2 (6/19%) and M3 with 18.3% are ordered. Finally M5 with 8%,and M7 and Hybrid each with 1.2% and M6 with 0.8% are classified in the next ranks.Most patients were from the age group of 29-20 years. Regardless of the type of leukemia and sex,the average age of our patients was 36/17 years (SD 16/11 ± years). The worst prognosis of M3 was death initial response to chemotherapyin 52.5% and the best prognosis of M2 was death as the initial response to treatment in 27.5%. The most common cause of death in our patients was first bleeding with 38.5% and then infection with 27%.

Conclusion: Acute myeloid leukemia, unlike in other parts of the world,is still a lethal disease with anominous sequel among our young population. Swollen lymph glands and organs are more common in patients. A closer examination and laboratory examination, at least a complete blood test in suspected patients could be life-saving.

Keywords: AML, Hematology, Oncology