Breaking the silence: divulging brokers and parents’ related factors for the vulnerability of female domestic workers in Hossana Town, Ethiopia

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of brokers and parents on the vulnera-bility of female domestic workers. A multi-method research approach with an embed-ded design was used. Convenience sampling was employed as official records of do-mestic workers were not available in the study area. A total of 130 respondents par-ticipated in structured questionnaires, and 28 female domestic workers took part in interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that both licensed and unli-censed brokers were the primary perpetrators of various forms of violence, including sexual, psychological, and economic violence against the female domestic workers. Licensed brokers and their assistants, who were supposed to protect the rights of customers, were found to create an "unsafe and insecure" environment for migrant female domestic workers. Additionally, licensed brokers were involved in recruiting female domestic workers for involvement in sex work. Parents played an active role in the employment process by communicating with brokers and employers. They also collected their daughters' monthly salaries and lobbied for them to leave their jobs. To address these issues, comprehensive actions should be taken, including providing training on rights for employers, employees, and brokers in collaboration with labor and social affairs departments, women and social affairs organizations, and the po-lice. Efforts should be made to raise awareness in the community, and financial sup-port from donors is necessary to address this problem effectively.