Journal of the Chemical Society of Nigeria

Competitive adsorption of Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions from multi-metal ion solution on ammonium oxalate modified kaolinite clay

J. A. Lawal, A. G. Olaremu, O. T. Odeyemi, F. S. Omeiza, I. Sanni — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The competitive adsorption of Fe²⁺, Pb2⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions from mixed multi-metal aqueous solution on ammonium oxalate-modified kaolinite clay (AOK) was studied to determine the competitive influence of the metal ions on the adsorption of other metal ions. The kaolinite clay was modified by treating it with 0.2 M of ammonium oxalate solution at 50 ^oC. The adsorption of the metal ions was carried out using initial concentrations of 20, 35, and 50 mg L-1 in both the single and multi-metal ion solutions. The results revealed that at a low concentration of 20 mg L^-1, the adsorption capacity for the uptake of the metal ions on AOK is non-competitive. At higher adsorbate concentrations of 35 and 50 mg L^-1, the single to multi-metal ions equilibrium adsorption capacity ratio value obtained was less than 1. This indicated an antagonistic effect on competing for the adsorption site in the following order: Pb²⁺ (9.9 mg g^-1) > Fe²⁺ (3.85 mg g^-1) > Zn²⁺ (2.85 mg g^-1). The outcome revealed that ammonium oxalate-modified kaolinite is a potential adsorbent for remediation of multi-heavy metal-laden wastewater with preferentially higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions than other metal ions.

Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption studies on the removal and treatment of textiles effluents using activated carbon derived from Diospyros mespilliformis seeds.

J.M Nwaedozie, J. Mathew, A.O. Aliyu, V. U Agbogo, R.C Nwankwo — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An agricultural waste Diospyros mespiliformis seeds were treated, and activated with 30% of 0.3M sodium hydroxide base, to obtain an activated carbon employed in an adsorption process. It was utilize to treat effluent textile water sample from African Textile Manufacturers Limited in Dala, Kano State, Nigeria. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proximate analysis were employed to investigate the adsorption process. The adsorbent was able to remove the dark red color to colorless found in textile effluents and shown a higher removal affinity for zinc ( 99.4%) and least affinity for nickel (0.11%), also Chromium (Cr) reduced by 39.4%, Copper (Cu) reduced by 20.9%, Iron (Fe) reduced by 91.9% , Manganese (Mg) reduced by 79.3%, are reduced significantly, the _PH change from acidic _PH 6.4 to neutral _PH 7.1, turbidity decrease from 131 to 14 NTU , electrical conductivity change from 723 to 110 μs·cm−1 .Diospyros mespiliformis seeds activated carbon was used for removal of congo red and malachite green from an aqueous solution. The effect of adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration and contact time on the process of adsorption was investigated. The optimum dosage was found to be 0.5g had a percentage removal of 98.1% for congo red and 94.4% for malachite green. 10mg/l and 80minute was found to optimum concentration and optimum time in adsorption of congo red and malachite green. The equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the dyes removal were also investigated. The experimental data were modeled using linear regression method of analysis. The correlation coefficient was used as a criterion for model adequacy and acceptance. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to best correlate the experimental data with R² of 0.9523 for CR and 0.9297 for MG. The experimental data were investigated at three different temperature, 305k, 325k and 335k were found to follow the Langmuir model with R² of 0.9679, 0.9662 and 0.989 for CR and 0.9529, 0.9662 and 0.994 for MG. also were found to follow Temkinp model with with R² of 0.9549, 0.9318 and 0.9952for CR and 0.9885, 0.9443 and 0.9209 for MG. The negative free gribbs energy indicated that the adsorption processes were spontaneously feasible. The positive values of +31.66KJ/mol and +92.3KJ/mol on both CR and MG indicate that adsorption process has been found to be endothermic in nature. The removal of congo red was found to be more spontaneous and feasible than the removal of malachite green on the adsorbent. From the study, it was deduced that the Diospyros mespiliformis seeds activated with sodium hydroxide was found to be a good adsorbent for the treatment of textile wastewater containing Congo red and Malachite green.

Evaluation and risk assessment of trace metal in Solanum aethiopicum grown around mechanic workshops in Umuahia Abia State, Nigeria

P. O. Ukaogo, O. U. Igwe, N.C Oganezi, C. T. Ukaogo, V. Anab-Atulomah — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The careless dumping of waste from automobile workshops has significantly increased the concentration of trace metals in the surrounding environment. This study investigated the health risk assessment associated with Solanum aethiopicum fruit consumption. Soil and Solanum aethiopicum, plant from Umuahia automobile workshop were analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb and Zn. This was done using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), while Hg was analysed using a Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (CV-AFS) after acid digestion. The average concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Hg, Li and Cr in the fruit were 7.16±0.03, 1.68±0.16, 5.03±0.03, 19.45±0.32, 76.21±0.73, 6.23±0.45, 3.87±0.17, 0.0003±0.0001, 0.003±0.001 and 15.35±0.22 mg/kg, respectively. The HRI obtained for Cd was the highest 1.821 while the THQ was 1.82135. Fruit had trace metal concentrations higher than the USEPA, WHO, and FAO's approved permitted standards. Cd, Cr and Pb were determined to be the primary contributing factor linked to the development of health hazards and carcinogenic risk based on the results of the risk assessment. It is therefore appropriate to educate the public on the potential risks associated with consuming garden eggs from Umuahia automobile workshop.

Antimicrobial effect of some organotin (IV) derivatived of propan-1, 3-dioic acid

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Three organotin (IV) derivatives of propan-1,3-dioic acid; potassium dibutyltin(IV)propan-1;3-dioate (1), potassium diphenltin(IV)propan-1;3-dioate (2), and potassium triphenltin(IV)propan-1,3-dioate (3) were synthesized mechanochemically. KOH was ground with propan-1,3-dioic acid to give the ligand L: potassium propan-1,3-dioate, followed by complexation of the ligand, L with Bu₂SnO, Ph₂SnO and Ph₃SnOH separately. Characterization of the ligand and complexes was done using magnetic susceptibility and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ligand and complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity against five strains of gram-positive bacteria: Methicillin Resist Staph aureus, Vancomycin Resist enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus and five fungi strains: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nigre, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum. Ciproflxacin and Ketoconazole were used as controlled drugs. Magnetic susceptibility data revealed complexes (1), (2) and (3) to be paramagnetic with values 0.144 μeff, 0.149 μeff and 0.151 μeff, respectively. SEM revealed that complex (3) pores were better filled by metals than complex (1) during complexation of parent organotin (IV) compound with the ligand, L. Antimicrobial result showed that the complexes synthesized in general exhibited significant activity (20-27 mm) against the microbes at the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) in the range 2.5 - 5 μg/mL (gram-positive bacteria) and 5 μg/mL (fungi) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) of 5 - 20 μg/mL/10 - 20 μg/mL. The complexes and ligand showed better antimicrobial effect against test microbes at than the control drugs. These complexes hold promise as antibacterial and antifungal agents that may be used as metal-base drugs/formulations.

Effect of dye sulphonation on the dyeing of nylon, 6, 6 WITH 1-hydroxy-2-phenylazo-6-[2-chloro-4-[phenylamino] triazin-6- ylamino] naphthalene-3-sulphonic acid reactive dye

B. Ameh, K. A. Bello, I. Y. Chindo, A. I. Izang — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated the synthesis of monofunctional reactive triazinyl dye, base in a particular chromophore and possess a single chlorotriazinyl reactive group and the dyeing behavior evaluated on nylon 6, 6 fabrics. It was found that percentage exhaustion of the dye on nylon fibre increased with decreased pH application due to sulphonation.

Amelioration of liver and kidney function parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with 3-[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazol-4-yl) Hydrazinylidene]-1-Phenylbutanedione, and its Ni(II) Complex.

N. J. Agbo, P. O. Ukoha — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This hydrazone: 3-[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazol-4-yl) Hydrazinylidene]-1-Phenylbutanedione (HL), and its Ni (II) Complex ([Ni(HL)2]Cl2) have been reported to possess hypoglycaemic property but the effects of their use on kidney and liver functions in diabetic animals have not been investigated. The study investigated some biochemical parameters in the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with these hydrazone compounds. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Data showed that these compounds induced a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered orally with compounds for fourteen days after which some biochemical indices in the serum, liver and kidney were measured and compared with the control. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, total protein and creatinine of untreated diabetic group was significantly elevated when compared with the normal control group. The ALP, AST concentrations of diabetic rats treated with low and high doses of HL was observed to be non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher compared with rats in the normal control group A. A significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in the ALT, AST and ALP concentrations of diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of HL and [Ni(HL)₂]Cl₂ were observed when compared with untreated rats in group B. These results suggest that administration of these compounds to diabetic rats did not have any adverse effect on the liver and kidney functions in rats showing that the compounds are not toxic to man.

Phytochemical, proximate and mineral analysis of leaves and tubers of Icacina trichantha

T. T. Alawode — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents an analysis of the phytochemical, proximate, and mineral composition of the leaves and tuber of Icacina trichantha using standard analytical procedures. Phytochemical screening of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. Proximate analysis indicated that the crude protein contents of the leaves and tubers were 26.97% and 10.94%, respectively. The crude fibre content was 43.25% in the leaves and 10.50% in the tubers. Carbohydrate content was significantly higher in the tubers (73.64%) compared to the leaves (22.37%). Mineral analysis showed that the leaves contained 1111 mg/100g of potassium, 338 mg/100g of magnesium, 290 mg/100g of calcium, and 21.14 mg/100g of iron. In contrast, the tubers contained 382 mg/100g of potassium, 191 mg/100g of magnesium, 163 mg/100g of calcium, and 14.24 mg/100g of iron. While the tubers had higher carbohydrate content, the leaves contain higher levels of crude protein, crude fibre, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. These findings suggest that, beyond their medicinal applications, the leaves and tubers of Icacina trichantha possess valuable nutritional properties, indicating their potential as alternative food sources.

Evaluation of compatible processing routes using thermal treatment for upgrading of Mopa Muro and Oban Massif manganese deposits

F. E. Awe, R. A. Ganiyu, J. M. Nwaedozie, M. M. Namadi — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present study deals with evaluation and compatibility of processing routes using thermal treatment for upgrade of mopa muro and oban Massif manganese ore deposits. The study samples are characterized by XRD, XRF and SEM analysis. The results of SEM analysis show the micro-cracks in the thermally treated manganese sample, Mineralogical investigation shows that in the Mopa Muro manganese ore, most of the Manganese occurs in the silicate managenese mineral as in Almandine (Fe²⁺)₃Al₂(SiO4)₃, Spessartine(Mn²⁺)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃, Clinochlore (Al-Fe-SiO₂-OH), Geothite FeO(OH),while the Oban Massif is rich in, Pyrolusite MnO₂, Clinochlore (Al-Fe-SiO₂-OH ), and Spessartine(Mn²⁺)3Al₂(SiO₄)₃. The mineralogy of the two deposits also revealed that there is a Free Silica (Quartz) in abundant. The low content of sulphur and phosphorus is however within the requirement of the metallurgical grade manganese ore, while 44.08% and 42.07% of manganese (Mn) obtained for Mopa Muro and Oban Massif manganese ores respectively after all analysis indicate apparent inability of the ores meet the requirement of metallurgical grade manganese with values less than 66% recommended specification using thermal treatment