Evaluation of the Physicochemical Characteristics and Pollution Source Apportionment of Ojobo Creek Burutu Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

The rapid expansion of industry, agriculture, and urbanization is significantly altering the aquatic environment. To effectively manage and conserve aquatic ecosystems, it is crucial to accurately conduct comprehensive water quality assessments and identify pollution sources. Hence, this study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and pollution source apportionment of Ojobo Creek, Burutu Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria, using a multivariate analytical approach. Surface water samples were collected monthly over a six-month period, from July to December 2024. The water samples were analysed using various standard methods. The results revealed that pH ranged from 6.60 to 6.90, with an average value of 6.73; Turbidity varied between 60.50 and 105.50 NTU, averaging 87.50 NTU; Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged from 4.52 to 4.69 mg/L, with a mean value of 4.61; Lead (Pb) concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 mg/L, averaging 0.09 mg/L; while nickel (Ni) ranged from 0.07 to 0.14 mg/L, with an average of 0.09 mg/L. Notably, Pb, Ni, and turbidity exceeded WHO standard limits, indicating potential health and environmental risks. Cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed both natural and anthropogenic sources of contamination. These findings emphasize the need for effective pollution control measures and sustainable water management strategies to safeguard environmental quality and public health.