Hematology, Reproductive Hormonal Level and Conception Rate in Synchronized Indigenous Cows during Artificial Insemination Scheme in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Genetic improvement of indigenous cattle breeds through artificial insemination (AI) with exotic semen will aid production system intensification and solve herders-crop farmers’ conflict in Nigeria. Successful AI, however, depends on efficient estrous synchronization preparing the animal’s hormonal balance required for fertilization. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the hematology, reproductive hormonal level and conception rate in synchronized 33 White Fulani and 18 Gudali indigenous cows during artificial insemination (AI) scheme in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard methods. Successful conception was called using transrectal palpation and threshhold of progesterone post-insemination. Data obtained show that there was significant (p < 0.05) breed effect on neutrophils and lymphocytes (indicating better stress tolerance in Gudali than White Fulani) and farm location difference in white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume prior to synchronization. However, all hematological values were subsequently found within reference values for cow post-synchronization. Post-synchronized elevated LH, reduced FSH and progesterone, plus subsequent progesterone surge 16 weeks post-insemination as well as  mean conception rate of  82.75% are indicative of reproductive success. Consequently, Fixed Time AI with 3 consecutive injection of 2ml chloprostenol was recommended for estrous synchronization in artificial insemination in Nigerian indigenous cattle.