Systematic Review of Agricultural Systems and Sustainability Challenges in Caraga Region (Region XIII) of Northeastern Mindanao, Philippines

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to undertake a systematic review of agricultural systems and sustainability challenges in Caraga Region (Region XIII) of Northeastern Mindanao, Philippines using appropriate standard methods involving a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature, government reports, and statistical data, focusing on six key dimensions: geographical distribution of research, agricultural commodity assessment, farming practices evaluation, challenges analysis, policy intervention assessment, and sustainability framework development. The result shows a higher density of research in Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur, and comparatively little research is done in Dinagat Province. Rice is the most dominant agricultural commodity, and distinct farming practices, from conventional upland rice production to advanced techniques, such as rice-duck farming, have been identified, showing enhanced productivity and ecological efficiency. Critical challenges affecting agricultural sustainability include climate vulnerability, problems with market access, environmental degradation, especially in the Agusan Marsh, and gender relations in farming activities and access to agricultural resources. Analysis of policy interventions reveals that climate-resilient agriculture, improved market infrastructure, enhanced extension services, and gender-sensitive programs are essential for sustainable development. The study proposes an integrated framework emphasizing climate adaptation strategies, market development initiatives, environmental protections, and capacity-building programs. Future research directions should address geographical gaps, particularly in Dinagat Province, and focus on developing comprehensive solutions considering the interconnected nature of agricultural challenges in Caraga.