Local Climate Conditions and Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Disease Patterns in a Vulnerable Community of Ikpoba Okha LGA of Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Climate change presents a significant threat to water resources and public health, with increasing temperature and rainfall variability exacerbating waterborne diseases. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between local climate conditions and prevalence of typhoid fever disease patterns in a vulnerable community of Ikpoba Okha LGA of Edo State, Nigeria using appropriate methods. The data shows a persistent increase in  typhoid cases, with spikes coinciding with higher temperatures and heavy rainfall, particularly in  August and September, when flooding and poor water quality contribute to disease spread. The study highlights the critical need for improved water and sanitation infrastructure and targeted public health interventions to address the growing risks posed by climate change. By enhancing climate adaptation measures and reinforcing healthcare responses during high-risk periods, such as the rainy season, the incidence of typhoid fever can be reduced. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated environmental management and disease surveillance to safeguard vulnerable communities. In conclusion, the observed correlation between climatic factors and typhoid prevalence underscores the urgent need for climate resilience strategies to protect public health in regions like Ikpoba Okha, where climate variability increasingly affects disease patterns.