Patterns of Multidrug Bacterial Clinical Isolates and Cytokine Responses to Antibiotic Misuse in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens can pose significant health-care challenges by rendering most antimicrobials ineffective. Hence the objective of this paper was to evaluate the patterns of multidrug bacterial clinical isolates and cytokine responses to antibiotic misuse in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Also, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (pg/ml), interferon-gamma (pg/ml), and interleukin-10 (pg/ml) in post-surgical patients and control subjects were evaluated using enzyme link immunosorbent assay method.The prevalence of wound infection among study participants was (20%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%) and Escherichia coli (19%) were most likely to be associated with wound infection. The MDR bacterial isolates shows highest resistance to Cefixime (80%) and Ciprofloxacin (80%) in the surgical wound infection patients. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma and interleukin-10were significantly higher in thepost-surgical wound infection patient as compared with the control group (p<0.002). MDR-bacterial infections are more virulent, and the observed excessive inflammatory response may impede infection resolution, which may help to explain in part, the poor treatment outcome in patients with MDR infections, even after prompt antibiotic treatment.