Larvicidal Efficacy of Citrus sinensi (Sweet Orange) Peel Extract against Anopheles Mosquito Larva from Nagazi Adavi Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

This research investigates the larvicidal efficacy and phytochemical composition of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel methanol extract against Anopheles mosquito larvae collected from temporary rain pool and grassy ditches from Nagazi, Adavi Local Government Area of Kogi State Nigeria. Using appropriate standard methods. Test concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of methanol extract were prepared and tested for its larvicidal efficacy against Anopheles mosquito larva. Larval mortality where recorded after 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours of exposure in three replicates and the mean mortalities were recorded. Lethal concentration value (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) of the extracts were determined using Probit regression analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol (281.67 ± 0.23), flavonoid (34.22 ± 0.00), saponin (26.36 ± 0.03), tannins (22.35 ± 0.02), cardiac glycoside (1.66 ± 0.01) and alkaloid (1.06 ± 0.08). The median (LC₅₀) and upper (LC₉₀) lethal concentration of methanol extract of Citrus sinensis peel were 2.49%, 1.48%, 1.09%, 0.88% and 4.25%, 2.58%, 1.91%, 1.69% at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours respectively. The findings from this research suggests that the methanol extract of Citrus sinensis peel possesses some bioactive components that have the ability to cause lethal effect on the larvae of Anopheles mosquito and can be incorporated into a control strategy in the management of the mosquitoes.