Antibiotic Resistance and Its Importance in Aquatic Organisms: A Review

Abstract

This review was carried out with the aim of investigating antibiotic resistance and its importance in aquatic animals. Literature review showed that resistance to antibacterial drugs is an inevitable phenomenon that occurs as a result of the specific nature or adaptation of bacterial cells to antibiotics and genetic changes. Resistance happens in two ways, natural and acquired. In this study, mechanism of acquired resistance including 1) Chromosomal resistance induced by spontaneous mutation, and 2) resistance induced by genetic exchanges was investigated. Also, types of resistance induced by plasmid transfer including transformation, mediated transfer and conjugation were focused. At the end of the paper, the importance of antibiotic resistance in humans was discussed.