Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant evaluation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) Stapf leaves

Abstract

Cymbopogon citratus commonly called lemon grass is claimed to possess diverse medicinal value among different cultures. The present study determined the phytochemicals and evaluated the antioxidant potential of Cymbopogon citratus leaves. The phytochemical and proximate analysis of the powdered leaves were carried out using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform) was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and other phenolics compounds. The moisture, ash, fat, crude fibre, crude protein, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash contents were 13.00%, 7.63%, 2.44%, 29.40%, 4.45%, 6.13% and 4.00%, respectively. Among the extract and fractions tested, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate fraction also had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. There was a strong relationship between the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions with a coefficient of determination (r²) of 0.889 and 0.920 for total phenols and total flavonoids, respectively. The present study showed that the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus especially the ethyl acetate fraction possess good antioxidant activity and could serve as potentially source of natural antioxidants.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus, Phytochemicals, antioxidants