A review on the use of Lagenaria breviflorus as potential feed additive in diet of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.

Abstract

The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a crucial species in African aquaculture due to its adaptability and resilience in diverse environments. Feeding innovations are essential in enhancing growth performance and sustainability in fish farming, with feed constituting up to 70% of production costs. Recently, plantbased feed additives like Christmas melon (Lagenaria breviflorus) have gained attention for their potential benefits, offering a natural, affordable alternative to artificial additives. The present review revealed that Christmas melon is rich in bioactive compounds, including vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber, which can support immune function, improve feed conversion ratio and promote fish health by boosting immune system and reducing oxidative stress. According to recent studies, using Christmas melon as a feed
supplement in the diets of C. gariepinus has produced encouraging results. Moreover, Christmas melon has been reported to possess antimicrobial properties, which could further support the health and welfare of fish in aquaculture systems. Thus, the plant could be used in aquaculture as a sustainable and environmentally friendly substitute for artificial additives in fish feed formulation. This review revealed effects of Christmas melon supplementation on growth performances, nutrient utilization, and health indicators in C. gariepinus, highlighting its promise in advancing sustainable aquaculture in Nigeria.