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Main Article Content
Impact of sustained adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture on crop productivity in the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania
Abstract
Climate change in the West Usambara Mountains has added more challenges to smallholder farmers who are already negatively affected by land degradation. Sustained adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) can improve crop productivity by addressing challenges posed by both climate change and land degradation. From 2011 to 2019, the Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) project disseminated and promoted the use of CSA technologies to improve crop productivity. Understanding the impact of CSA on crop productivity among farming households that received interventions is crucial for advising policy and improving extension services. This study assessed the impact of sustained adoption of CSA on crop productivity after phasing out the CCAFS project. Specifically, the study assessed sustained adoption of CSA technologies and evaluated the impact of CSA on crop productivity after the CCAFS project phased out. A sample of 124 households was selected by using simple random sampling from 140 farming households that received interventions. Methods of data collection were household questionnaire survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis was conducted by using descriptive analysis, paired-samples t-tests and thematic analysis. Results showed that there was an improvement in sustained adoption of tree planting (from 45% to 68%), organic fertilizers (from 64% to 82%), improved seeds (42% to 85%) and weather information services (from 36% to 72%) compared to adoption at the beginning of the project while sustained adoption of terraces (26%), minimum tillage(21%) and contour ridges(19%) remained low. The t-test shows that sustained CSA had significant impact on crop productivity since it increased crop productivity for maize, Irish potatoes, beans and cabbages by 41.9%, 65.2%, 29.2% and 44.3%, respectively after implementation of the CCAFS project. The study concludes that sustained adoption of CSA increased crop productivity in the study area. This study recommends that policymakers, agricultural extension workers and researchers continue the dissemination and promotion of CSA technologies to improve crop productivity regardless of external assistance.
