Unlocking maize potential: efficiency and constraints analysis among sole grown and intercrop farmers in Bebeji Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the efficiency of smallholder maize production systems in Bebeji Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling approach, 103 smallholder maize farmers were selected for data collection. Descriptive statistics and a stochastic frontier model were employed to analyse the data. Results indicate that most sole-grown maize farmers (67.4%) and approximately 50% of intercrop maize farmers achieved an efficiency range of 0.26 - 0.67. Average efficiency levels were significantly (p<0.05) below the maximum frontier, with sole-grown farmers reaching 0.33 and intercrop maize farmers achieving 0.16 on average. Positive and significant determinants of maize output were identified for both groups, including inputs such as fertilizer, farm size, labour, maize seed, and agrochemicals. Inefficiency analysis revealed key factors influencing farmers' efficiency, such as age, education, farming experience, extension contact, and cooperative membership. Market costs of inputs and price fluctuations emerged as major constraints to maize production in the study area. Findings underscore the need for targeted training on improved production practices to enhance maize production efficiency in the state.