Facteurs de persistance de la malnutrition dans la région de Maradi au Niger

Abstract

Objectif : La presente etude rentre dans le cadre d'un partenariat scientifique entre le Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM) et l'Universite Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi (UDDM), qui a pour but d’evaluer les facteurs et degre de persistance de la malnutrition et d’identifier les contraintes liees a la reussite de ces derniers grace aux interventions du PAM, a travers la realisation du paquet d'activites reparties dans trois domaines a savoir : le developpement rural, la nutrition et l'education.

Méthodologie et résultats : Trois villages dans les communes de convergence ont ete retenus dont un questionnaire d’enquete a ete administre a 222 menages (beneficiaires et non beneficiaires) des villages de Tambarawa amani, Maya da rodjia et Guidan yaro. Ces trois villages sont caracterises par un taux eleve de vulnerabilite alimentaire et nutritionnelle. Les differents resultats des activites du programme de resilience sur la nutrition a travers l'activite le Foyer d'Apprentissage et de Rehabilitation Nutritionnelle (FARN) se caracterisent par les nombres d’enfants depistes (436) dont seulement 3 cas de malnutris ont ete enregistres. Les impacts sur le developpement rural ont augmente le niveau de vie de la population. On note un developpement d'une initiative de cotisation communautaire pour l'appui a l'activite (FARN) au village de Guidan yaro qui a permis une Activites Generatrices de Revenu (AGR) par la communaute participante. : L'etude montre que les facteurs les plus influencant a la malnutrition sont lies aux strategies d'adaptation en periode de soudure, la faible couverture de la planification familiale (PF) et les mauvaises pratiques alimentaires (54%), l'utilisation des habitudes alimentaires (pate, boule et bouillies) et un faible taux (moins de 10%) d'utilisation des legumes, fruits et legumineuses.

Conclusion et application des résultats En conclusion, nous pouvons dire le programme de resilience du PAM a travers ses activites au niveau des trois villages de commune de convergence a eu des effets significatifs sur les facteurs et degre de persistance de la malnutrition et aussi sur le niveau de resilience des populations dont le FARN qui a connu un succes eclatant. A l’issue de ces resultats des recommandations operationnelles sont proposees comme suit : Poursuivre cette la mise en oeuvre des activites de programme resilience dans les zones identifiees vulnerables au vu de leurs impacts et mettre a l’echelle le modele de l’approche FARN pour une prevention et une gestion durable de la malnutrition. Pour une mobilisation massive des communautes, il est necessaire de promouvoir l’experience des ≪ mamas lumieres ≫ comme modele de sensibilisation communautaire. Au vu de niveau de vulnerabilite rurale, la strategie de lutte contre la malnutrition doit necessairement faire recours a l’utilisation des recettes a base des produits locaux.

English title: Factors of persistence of malnutrition in the Maradi region in Niger

Abstract

Objectives: The present study comes within the framework of a scientific partnership between the World Food Program (WFP) and the Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi (UDDM), working on the thematic "Study of the factors and degree of persistence of malnutrition in Maradi region, Niger”. It aims to assess the factors and degree of persistence of malnutrition and identify the constraints related to the success of the WFP interventions, through the realization of the package of activities divided into three areas namely: rural development, nutrition and education.

Methodology and Results: Three villages from the selected communities of intervention, from which a survey questionnaire was administered to 222 households (beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries) in the villages of Tambarawa amani, Maya da rodjia and Guidan yaro. These three villages are characterized by a high rate of food and nutritional vulnerability. To deal with this situation, WFP has developed its resilience program. The different results of the activities of the resilience program on nutrition through the FARN concept activity are characterized by the number of children screened (436) of which only 3 cases of malnutrition were recorded. The impacts on rural development has increased the standard of living of the population. It was revealed that the development of a community contribution initiative to support activity through FARN in the village of Guidan yaro which has enabled Income Generating Activities (IGA) by the participating community. The study shows that the most influencing malnutrition factors are linked to adaptation strategies during the lean period, the low coverage of family planning (FP) (natural contraception and religious prohibitions are a major obstacle) and poor eating practices (54%), the use of eating habits (dough, ball and porridge) and a low rate (less than 10%) of use vegetables, fruits and legumes.

Conclusions and application of findings: It can be concluded that WFP's resilience program through its activities at the level of the three villages of the selected community had significant effects on the factors and degree of persistence of malnutrition and also on the level of resilience of the populations who’s the FARN which had a resounding success. Therefore, these operational results recommendations are as follows: Continue with the implementation of resilience program activities in the identified vulnerable areas in view of their impacts and scale up the model of the FARN approach to prevent and sustain the management of malnutrition. For a massive mobilization of communities, it is necessary to promote the experience of " Mamas lumieres " as a model of community awareness. Given the level of rural vulnerability, the strategy to fight malnutrition must necessarily to make use of recipes based on the local products.

Keywords: Malnutrition, Factors, persistence, Sahel, Resilience and Vulnerability, Maradi