Evaluation of decreased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels in Plasmodium falciparum infected individuals from South-western Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: Plasmodium parasite is responsible for the breakdown of red blood cells, resulting into life threatening situation. Thus, an observational study of the parasitaemic impact of P. falciparum on some haematological parameters in comparison to non-infected individuals was carried out in two endemic state of Nigeria (Edo and Lagos).
Methodology and Results: Blood samples collected from individuals (from September 2016-March, 2017) aged 2 years and above, were subjected to rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy assay to determine the presence of P. falciparum. Further, auto-haematology analyser and/or microcentrifuge where available were employed to acquire information on the haematocrit and haemoglobin levels. Of the 2376 collected samples, three hundred (12.6%) were positive by RDT, out of which Plasmodium falciparum was detected microscopically in 137. The mean haematocrit (PCV) level (37.36±0.37) of the negative samples was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the positive samples (29.6± 0.6). Same relationship was observed when the mean haemoglobin of negative samples (12.08±0.12) was compared with those of positive samples (9.9± 0.2). Those with high parasite density had significantly (p<0.001) low haematocrit (PCV) as well as haemoglobin (p<0.001).
Conclusion and application of findings: The findings from this study reveals serious impact of high P. falciparum burden on haemoglobin and haematocrit in infected individuals, the need to intensify efforts in delivering malaria control interventions especially to priority need areas such as in Edo State cannot be overemphasized. Thus, concerted efforts by all stakeholders in such areas is highly needed if malaria infection will ultimately be eliminated from the country.

Keywords: malaria burden, Plasmodium falciparum, vulnerable, parasite density, haemoglobin, haematocrit, anaemia