Adverse effect of graded Ciprofloxacin oral intake in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Abstract

Background: Ciprofloxacin (CF) is a very popular antibiotics used for therapeutic prospects. This study was investigated to determine the effect of graded CF oral intake on lipid profile, hepato-reno, antioxidant and cardiovascular functions in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150g) were grouped into 4 equal groups. Group A; control, received 1 ml of normal saline/100g bw, group B, C and D received CF orally at 5, 10 and 20mg/kg respectively. After 7days daily treatments, blood sample was collected via retro-orbital puncture to obtain serum sample for the determination of cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were investigated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured via femoral cannulation under anesthesia using urethane and 1% α-chloralose.

Results: There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in CHOL in group C while TG, LDL, urea significantly reduced in groups B and C and significantly increased in group D (p<0.05). Creatinine, ALT and ALP upregulated in group D (p<0.05) while AST downregulated in groups C and D. GSH and CAT downregulated in groups B, C and D while SOD reduced significantly (p<0.05) in groups B and D. MDA downregulated in groups B and C and upregulated (p<0.05) in group D (p<0.05). BP and HR significantly increased in groups B, C and D compared with control (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that oral CF intake at 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg had no adverse effect on lipid profile, hepato-reno and antioxidant functions. However, CF at 20mg/kg may predispose to dyslipidaemia, hepato-reno dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. CF at 20mg/kg may exert a deleterious effect cardiovascular function

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, lipid profile, oxidative stress, liver, renal function, cardiovascular system