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Urethrocytoscopy: Findings and early complications
Abstract
Back ground: Urethrocystoscopy is one of the most precise diagnostic investigations in evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms. It is the reference diagnostic test in evaluation of the bladder tumors. This study aimed at determining profile of patients undergoing urethrocystoscopy, urethrocystoscopic findings and early complications of urethrocystoscopy.
Patients, Material and Methodology: All patients scheduled for urethrocystoscopy were recruited into the study, clinical indications were recorded. Urethrocystoscopy, biopsy and/or bimanual examination were done accordingly. Findings and early post operative complications were also recorded.
Results: One hundred and ten patients were recruited. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The commonest age group was 41-60 years (37%). The most common clinical indication overall was hematuria in 37%. In males, Bladder outlet obstruction secondary to stricture predominated (31%). Majority of the patients with hematuria (66%) had bladder tumor at cystoscopy. The commonest urethral pathology was stricture (24%). Bladder tumor was the most predominant pathology at cystoscopy (32%), the common locations were bladder neck, lateral and anterior wall which together constituted 74% of cases. Majority of these tumors were advanced (59%), and majority were squamous cell carcinoma (48%) and transitional cell carcinoma (24%). About 19% of the tumors were chronic non specific inflammatory lesions. Complications included; pain 92%, urethral bleeding 43%, transient fever 26% and urethral injury in 2%.
Conclusion: Hematuria and bladder outlet obstruction due to stricture are the commonest indications for urethrocystoscopy . Urethral stricture and bladder tumor are the commonest urethrocystoscopic findings. Most patients who presented with hematuria had bladder tumor at cystoscopy. The commonest early complications includes; pain, fever and urethral bleeding.
Patients, Material and Methodology: All patients scheduled for urethrocystoscopy were recruited into the study, clinical indications were recorded. Urethrocystoscopy, biopsy and/or bimanual examination were done accordingly. Findings and early post operative complications were also recorded.
Results: One hundred and ten patients were recruited. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The commonest age group was 41-60 years (37%). The most common clinical indication overall was hematuria in 37%. In males, Bladder outlet obstruction secondary to stricture predominated (31%). Majority of the patients with hematuria (66%) had bladder tumor at cystoscopy. The commonest urethral pathology was stricture (24%). Bladder tumor was the most predominant pathology at cystoscopy (32%), the common locations were bladder neck, lateral and anterior wall which together constituted 74% of cases. Majority of these tumors were advanced (59%), and majority were squamous cell carcinoma (48%) and transitional cell carcinoma (24%). About 19% of the tumors were chronic non specific inflammatory lesions. Complications included; pain 92%, urethral bleeding 43%, transient fever 26% and urethral injury in 2%.
Conclusion: Hematuria and bladder outlet obstruction due to stricture are the commonest indications for urethrocystoscopy . Urethral stricture and bladder tumor are the commonest urethrocystoscopic findings. Most patients who presented with hematuria had bladder tumor at cystoscopy. The commonest early complications includes; pain, fever and urethral bleeding.
