Levetiracetam: A Review of its use in the treatment of epilepsy

Abstract

Background: Levetiracetam is a novel antiepileptic drug. It is marketed worldwide since 2000.
Aim: The paper reviewed the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, contraindications and uses of levetiracetam in the treatment of various types of epileptic seizures.
Methods: Literature searches were done to identify relevant studies.
Results: Levetiracetam acts by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, thereby modulation of one or more of its actions and ultimately affecting neural excitability. It has less protein binding and lacks hepatic metabolism. In contrast to traditional therapy, it has a wide safety margin and does not require serum drug monitoring. It does not interact with other anti-epileptics.
Conclusion: The above-mentioned favourable pharmacological benefits of LEV make it an important first-line or adjunctive therapy for epileptic seizures.

Key words: Levetiracetam, epilepsy, synaptic vesicle protein, seizures, efficacy, safety