Coitus Interruptus: Are there spermatozoa in the pre-ejaculate?

Abstract

Background: Coitus interruptus has been practiced since ancient times. Despitethe development of other modern contraceptive methods, coitus interruptus is still practiced by people of all ages but commonly among adolescents.
Aim: This mini review highlights recent research findings about coitus interruptus and the debate of whether spermatozoa exist in the pre-ejaculate.
Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, and Google Scholar search engines. Literature reviewed included reviews, and original articles that evaluated the presence of spermatozoa in the pre-ejaculatory fluid. Articles reporting about coitus interruptus as a method of contraception were also reviewed.
Results: Only three original articles which investigated the presence of spermatozoa in pre-ejaculatory fluid were found. Twelve articles reporting about coitus interruptus as a contraceptive method were also found and reviewed.
Conclusion: The few literature reporting about the presence or absence of spermatozoa in the preejaculatory fluid indicate the little interest researchers have on this subject even though there is enough evidence indicating that coitus interruptus is a widely practiced contraceptive method. It is therefore imperative to those who practice coitus interruptus to be aware about the background, strengths, and shortcomings of this method.

Key words: Coitus interruptus, contraception, spermatozoa, pre-ejaculate, cowper’s gland