Recent techniques used in transmission line protection: A review

Abstract

This article presents a survey of the developments in digital relays for protection of transmission lines. For a modern power
system, selective high speed clearance of faults on high voltage transmission lines is critical and this survey indicates the
efficient and promising implementations for fault detection, classification and fault location in power transmission line
protection. The work done in this area favor computerized relays, digital communication technologies and other technical
developments, to avoid cascading failures and facilitate safer, secure and reliable power systems. Efforts have been made to
include almost all the techniques and philosophies of transmission line protection reported in the literature up to October 2010. The focus of this article is on the most recent techniques, like artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, fuzzy-neuro, fuzzy logicwavelet based and phasor measurement unit-based concepts as well as other conventional methods used in transmission line protection.