International Journal of Development and Management Review

Nigeria military and sustainable development.

Dii Christian Tsaro — 2024-07-04

The study of the Nigeria Military and Sustainable Development was done in retrospect to interrogate the development policies during the period of military regimes as well as The Armed Forces of Nigeria AFN post-1999 policies whether they were sustainable or not. It sought to contribute to knowledge by viewing military development policies through the prism of the fundamental theorems of welfare economics to ascertain the sustainability of the development programmes undertaken by the military in Nigeria. The study adopted conceptual and historical
frameworks for its methodological approach. It relied on the Push and Pull theory as a theoretical framework to explain the study. The study established that the development policies of the military in Nigeria presented a Rawlsian view of policy disposition whereas in practice and implementation, they were largely inspired by the libertarian and utilitarian views. Also, it stated that some of the development policies of the military regimes in Nigeria were sustainable development as far as continuity of policy implementation was concerned but could not be considered as sustainable development in real terms of acceptable global definition because no
considerations were made for future generations in the policies.

Using a vector autoregressive approach on analysing the impact of regional trade on Tanzania economic growth

Harold M.L. Utouh — 2024-07-05

The study focuses on examining the impact that regional trade has on Tanzania's economic growth, using data collected from 1960 to 2021. It also examines the causal relationship between merchandise imports and exports and their effects on Tanzania's GDP growth rate. To establish the causal relationship between merchandise imports and merchandise exports and their impact on GDP growth, a non-experimental research design was employed. The analysis was performed by employing Engle Granger Cointegration, as it helps in ascertaining whether the variable exhibits
long-run relationships. A Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model was also utilised, incorporating important macroeconomic variables such as merchandise import and merchandise export. The model's impulse responses are consistent with the gravity theory of trade. The findings indicate a
positive relationship between the rates of merchandise import and export and the growth rate of GDP. Additionally, the lagged growth rate of GDP has an initial positive impact on GDP growth in the current year. The model's impulse responses are consistent with the gravity theory of economics. The findings show a direct correlation between merchandise import and export rates
and GDP growth rates. The study therefore recommends that Tanzania's government should prioritise policy measures that promote exports and foster favourable conditions for imports, as these dynamics contribute to the country's GDP growth.

Relationship between inflation and exchange rate in Tanzania: the vector error correction model

Romanus Lucian Dimoso — 2024-07-05

The study aims at analyzing the relationship that exists between the inflation rate and the exchange rate in Tanzania. The study uses annual time series data from 1981 up to 2018 and employed Vector Error Correction Model to examine long-run and short-run relationships. The results indicated that both a short-term and a long-term relationship was found. Therefore, the government of Tanzania is required to control the inflation rate through the proper use of fiscal and monetary policy effectively to control the inflation rate in Tanzania. This will affect the exchange rate in Tanzania. Granger causality test also shows that the inflation rate influences the exchange rate in Tanzania and through the use of a CUSUM square test it shows that the model lies within a 5 per cent level. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Tanzanian government should implement stringent fiscal and monetary policies to maintain low inflation rates. By stabilizing the inflation
rate, the government can positively influence the exchange rate, thus ensuring economic stability. Future research should explore additional macroeconomic variables that may affect this relationship to provide a more comprehensive understanding. Moreover, continuous monitoring and adjustment of these policies are essential to adapt to the dynamic economic environment. Overall, maintaining a stable inflation rate is crucial for the favorable management of the exchange rate, which in turn supports sustainable economic growth in Tanzania.

A systematic review of digital technology adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises: implications for performance in developing countries

Romanus Lucian Dimoso — 2024-07-05

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for economic development, yet they face resource constraints and regulatory limitations. The advent of digital technologies presents transformative opportunities for SMEs, enabling them to overcome traditional obstacles and enhance performance, growth, innovation, and social inclusion. This systematic review examines the impact of digital technology adoption on SME performance in developing countries. The study utilized a systematic search strategy to retrieve pertinent literature from electronic databases from 2017 to 2023. Results reveal that adopting digital technology enhances SME performance across the operational, financial, market, and customer relationship metrics. These findings have implications for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing the importance of promoting digital technology adoption among SMEs through supportive policies, training, and infrastructure.

The effects of owner-managers' behavioural patterns on investment decisions among small-scale recycling firms in Tanzania

Silverio Daniel Nyaulingo — 2024-07-03

Owner-managers make decisions on behalf of their firms. This study used cross-sectional data toinvestigate how owner-manager's behavioural factors influence investment decisions in terms of choice of recycling investments, share of recycling investment in the portfolio, and level of diversification in the waste recycling sector. Three analytical techniques were employed to analyse the data: the multivariate probit model to explore the effects of owner-manager's behavioural factors on the choice of specific waste recycling investments, multiple linear regression analysis to determine their influence on waste recycling investment share, and an ordered logistic regression model to study their effects on levels of diversification within the recycling investment portfolio. The results indicate that investors’ attitudes and subjective norms significantly affect both their choice of specific waste recycling investments and the level of diversification within the
recycling investment portfolio, while perceived behavioural control significantly affects the decision on waste recycling investment share. The research did not find evidence that attitude and subjective norms affect investment share nor that perceived behavioural control affects investment
choice and the level of diversification. These findings highlight the importance of considering owner-manager's behavioural factors in promoting sustainable and effective investment strategies in the waste recycling sector. Policymakers should develop programs to enhance positive attitudes toward waste recycling investments. Additionally, training programs for owner-managers should focus on increasing perceived behavioural control by improving access to resources and skills. Furthermore, social influence campaigns could be leveraged to strengthen the subjective norms supporting waste recycling investments.

The effects of product innovation on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Tanzania

Ezekiel Kanire — 2024-07-05

The main purpose of study was to examine the effect of product innovation practices on the performance of manufacturing SMEs in food processing industry in Mbeya, Tanzania. The study used multi-dimensional analytical approach to examine the effect of product innovation on the performance of SME. With STATA 17 software, the ordered logistic regression analysis was performed using data from a sample of 400 owners and/or managers of manufacturing SMEs in food processing industry. Findings of this study revealed that new product development, product improvement and product line extension has significant and positive impact on SMEs performance in terms of growth of sales (β = 0.628, p <0.05) customer satisfactions (β = 0.549, p <0.05), profitability (β = 0.472, p <0.05), return on equity (β = 0.465, p <0.05), production
quality and delivery speeds (β = 0.479, p <0.05).The findings of the study are relevant for managers and innovation decision-makers when designing innovation strategies to foster the business performance of SMEs. Additionally, the multi-faceted nature of the link between product innovation and business outcomes in SMEs is crucial in securing the desired performance outcomes in a context of limited resources for product innovation.

Is it profitable for small holder rice farmers to use inorganic fertilizer? Evidence from Tanzania

Juma Mussa — 2024-07-03

Increase inorganic fertilizer use is crucial for sustainable productivity in rice farming, particularly for smallholder farmers. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the economic return of inorganic fertilizer and its impact on farm income. This study used the National Sample Census of Agriculture (NSCA) 2019-20 survey and an empirical model that accounts for sample selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity at the household level. Study
found that rice’s average response to inorganic fertilizer use ranges from 4 kg/ha to 7.4 kg/ha. Furthermore, though the use of inorganic fertilizer is profitable, the current inorganic fertilizer application rate lies below the optimal economical level. In addition, the study found that, use
of inorganic fertilizer increases farm income for farmers. This study suggests that reducing the costs of inorganic fertilizer is likely to significantly increase the use of inorganic fertilizer and farm income among smallholder rice farmers. This will enable farmers to improve their living
conditions and, in general reduce their income poverty. Moreover, increasing inorganic fertilizer use coupled with the provision of extension services, off-farm income generation opportunities, and development of irrigation infrastructure will sustainably increase rice farming productivity.

The effects of management control systems on local government authorities’ employee performance in Tanzania

Lusako Alphonce Mwakiluma — 2024-07-05

This study examined the effects of management control systems on employee performance in Mkinga District Council. The research was guided by three objectives: to assess the effect of the budgeting system on employee performance, to evaluate the impact of the information system on employee performance, and to determine the effect of the training and development system on employee performance. The study employed a positivist research paradigm with a quantitative approach, utilizing an explanatory research design and non-proportional stratified simple random sampling. Data were collected from 93 employees at Mkinga District Council through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression models. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between the budgeting system, the training and development system, and employee performance. Additionally, a positive relationship was found between the information management system and employee performance in Mkinga District. Based on these findings, the study recommends that organizations establish comprehensive training and development programs to enhance employees' skills, knowledge, and competencies, implement efficient information control systems to ensure access to accurate and
timely information, and ensure that employees clearly understand budgetary goals and targets.

Effect of fringe benefits on employee performance in mining companies in Ebonyi State

Ngwuta Sussan Ndidi, — 2024-07-05

This paper examined the effect of fringe benefits on employee performance in mining companies in Ebonyi State. The objectives of the study were to examine the influence of hazard allowance and willingness to be deployed to risky sites, to determine the extent to which health insurance housing benefits affect employee performance in mining companies in Ebonyi State. The
population of the study were 1212 mining workers in 25 mining companies registered in Ebonyi State Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Abakaliki. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this study. The Taro Yamani (1964) formula for sample size determination was used to drawn a sample size of 345 employees from a population of 1212 workers of the companies working in the 25 mining companies operating in Ebonyi State. A validated questionnaire with a co-efficient reliability of 0.75 formed the instrument of the study while the hypotheses was tested using the Pearson moment correlation technique at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicate that payments of hazard allowance motivate mining workers, adoption and payment of health
benefits to mining workers boost their morale at work and the provision of housing benefits encourages optimum performance of mining workers in Ebonyi State. The implications of the findings is that timely payment of fringe benefits to mining workers encourages improved performance at work. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government of Ebonyi State
should closely ensure that mining workers are paid their hazard allowance as at when due, mining companies should ensure prompt payment of health benefits and provides houses for them since it has been linked to improved performance.

Reducing surge pricing controversies: a case study of direct negotiation in ride-hailing services in the United States of America

Ogunbameru Olajide Ayokunle — 2024-12-16

This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of direct negotiation and feedback systems in responding to the surge pricing concerns in the US ride-hailing applications with New York City as the case study. The surge pricing has become a major issue as the fare has been increased more than the drivers’ compensation and has raised public concerns during crises. As the study aims to explore the following: How direct negotiations between the platform drivers and the platform management can reduce the above-stated challenges. How the feedback mechanisms strengthen the above- stated challenges. The study employs qualitative analysis of secondary data collected from online industry reports and articles from 2019-2024. The results show that from 2019 to 2022, the fare increase was 50%, while the median driver pay increase was only 31%, which also calls for more rational approaches to compensation. The study also reveals large disparities in the level of driver satisfaction across the different platforms; Lyft’s satisfaction rates are much higher at 75.8% in 2023 against Uber’s 49.4% because Lyft has more favourable feedback system and driver support system. The study concludes that surge pricing can be effectively addressed when there is a right balance between fair pricing structures and support systems for the drivers as well as communication. The presented results advance the existing research on sustainable practises in the ride-hailing business and offer actionable suggestions for enhancing drivers’ satisfaction and fare clarity.