International Journal of Development and Management Review

The impact of bank credit on agricultural growth (AgDP) in Tanzania

2025-02-04T12:13:56+00:00

This study analyzes the impact of agricultural credit on Tanzania's agricultural growth from 2005 to 2018, using ARDL and Markov switching regression models to capture both short-term and long-term effects, and fluctuations across different economic periods. Findings indicate a significant long-term positive impact of agricultural credit on agricultural GDP, whereby short -term effects are negative, highlighting the need for efficient credit use to optimize benefits. Additionally, the study identifies other significant determinants of agricultural GDP: the exchange rate positively influences long-term agricultural GDP; government spending positively affects it in the short-term; FDI boosts long-term agricultural growth but has a negative short-term impact; and previous season's agricultural production positively impacts agricultural GDP in both terms. The study suggests increasing agricultural credit supply, addressing exchange rate fluctuations, encouraging FDI, and promoting high- value crop specialization to enhance agricultural GDP in all terms. Recommendations include improving credit market efficiency and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies to expedite credit disbursement.

Critical review of cosmopolitanism part 1: scepticism towards the viability of cosmopolitan democracy and its implication for Africans

2025-02-20T09:55:02+00:00

This essay is the first of a two-part series about Cosmopolitan Democracy. It questions the viability of this idea, and the author seeks to understand the practicality of this concept on a pragmatic, rather than an idealistic lens, in the contemporary global society. Cosmopolitan Democracy, championed by globalists is a perspective of world governance or a "world state" concept where a decentralized system of governance is sustained by various decision-making sources whilst honouring states with some level of national autonomy. It is a concept which gives the morality of the individual a central viewpoint and this morality is what should be
regarded when sustaining societies, hence the massive attention on social justice by its proponents. Issues raised such as distributive justice, coercion and partiality, the cosmopolitan conceptual legitimacy at a global level, citizenship, reciprocity and sovereignty oppose the legitimacy and practicality of this concept, giving statists, sovereigntists, nationalists and other sceptics of the cosmopolitan Agenda reasons to question this ideology. With the complexities surrounding the conceptual definition and implementation of cosmopolitan democracy, a good number of scholars fear it may not be as progressive as it has been widely portrayed by its
adherents.

Critical review of cosmopolitanism part 2: the viability of cosmopolitan democracy in the 21st century

2025-02-20T10:15:00+00:00

This review aims at answering the critical questions asked by critiques on Cosmopolitan Democracy. It explains how this concept practically fits into the global society of today as an effective way of global governance whilst responding to some issues raised by opponents and sceptics of this view, which are: the radical nature of its agenda, its lack of legal or political frameworks, its push for idealism centred on morality, rather than realism centred on the implementation of human rights on a political and legal structure, the ambiguity of the identity of a ‘global citizen’ and the complexities behind coercion and sovereignty. The ModerateMoral Cosmopolitan ideology will be used to critically address the issues of military interventions; the legality of human rights, the preference for transnational laws than international laws in the propagation of cosmopolitan rights and the role of expert bodies in ensuring the enforcements of these rights whilst spreading cosmopolitan democracy.

Determinants of adoption and intensity of use of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices among smallholder leafy vegetable agripreneurs in semi-arid central Tanzania

2025-03-06T09:48:06+00:00

The adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices is essential for enhancing agricultural resilience and productivity in semi-arid regions. This study examines the determinants of CSA adoption and intensity of use among smallholder leafy vegetable agripreneurs in semi-arid central Tanzania. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 385 farmers in
Dodoma City and Singida Municipality through structured interviews. The study employs a double hurdle model to separately analyze adoption decisions and intensity of use. Findings indicate that CSA adoption is influenced by land tenure security, market access, and extension services, with farmers who rent or own land more likely to adopt CSA than those relying on family-owned land. Gender disparities were observed, with male farmers showing higher adoption intensity, particularly for capital-intensive practices such as agroforestry and drip irrigation. Additionally, smaller landholders exhibited greater CSA uptake, driven by the need to maximize productivity. However, high costs and technical complexity limit the adoption of certain CSA practices. The study highlights the necessity of targeted policy interventions, including enhanced financial accessibility, land tenure reforms, and improved extension services, to promote CSA adoption. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on CSA adoption in climatevulnerable regions and inform policy strategies for sustainable agricultural transformation.

Stakeholders dynamics in the grassroots innovation journey in Tanzania: a swot analysis

2025-03-27T10:07:38+00:00

The study analyzes the roles of various stakeholders in Tanzania’s grassroots innovation journey using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. The study examines key actors, including government agencies, private sector organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), international donors and grassroots innovators to assess their impact on the
innovation ecosystem. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect qualitative data from 35 grassroots innovators, selected through purposive sampling from sources such as the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) database, Mashindano ya Kitaifa ya Sayansi, Teknolojia na Ubunifu (MAKISATU) records, and participants in the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair Exhibition (SABASABA). Data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and observations. The SWOT analysis reveals that stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST) and COSTECH provide crucial policy and funding support but face challenges like bureaucratic delays and budget constraints. Other institutions, including the Vocational Education and Training Authority (VETA), Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO), National Institute of
Transport (NIT) and Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT) are recognized for their role in incubating grassroots innovations. The private sector and international donors contribute financial and technical support, yet issues related to trust and alignment with grassroots needs hinder their effectiveness. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced collaboration, improved coordination
and streamlined administrative processes to strengthen stakeholder involvement in grassroots innovation.

Structural injustice and economic disparities as precursors for violent crime in Ghana

2025-03-28T10:30:14+00:00

This study investigates the impact of structural injustice and economic disparities on violent crime in Ghana. The population for this study comprised all inmates in Ghana prisons who committed violent crimes in the Greater Accra Region. Per the heinous nature of the crimes, almost all these convicts are incarcerated at either a maximun or medium prison facility, hence the study’s focus on inmates at Nsawam Medium Security Prison and Ankaful Maximum Security Prison. Employing a mixed-method explanatory design, the research integrates quantitative regression analysis with qualitative thematic analysis to explore systemic drivers of violent behavior. Drawing on Social disorganization theory, Frustration-aggression hypothesis, and Structural violence theory, the study examines structural and economic factors, including income inequality, systemic or structural exclusion, and socio-political marginalization, as predictors of violent crime. The study used a sample size of 400 respondents, selected through multi-stage sampling techniques from a target population of 4,050 convicted violent offenders; and 80 significant individuals (parents/guadians, well wishers, and prison officers). The findings reveal that structural injustice (β = 0.404, p = 0.016) and economic disparities (β = 0.509, p = 0.001) significantly predict violent
crime. The qualitative analysis corroborates these results, highlighting narratives of systemic neglect, relative deprivation, and socio-economic hardship. The study underscores the importance of addressing structural and economic inequalities through policy reforms, rehabilitative interventions, and community-based support systems to mitigate violent crime and promote social equity. These findings contribute to criminological discourse by providing evidence-based strategies for reducing systemic disparities and fostering safer societies.