International Journal of Development and Management Review

The impact of bank credit on agricultural growth (AgDP) in Tanzania

2025-02-04T12:13:56+00:00

This study analyzes the impact of agricultural credit on Tanzania's agricultural growth from 2005 to 2018, using ARDL and Markov switching regression models to capture both short-term and long-term effects, and fluctuations across different economic periods. Findings indicate a significant long-term positive impact of agricultural credit on agricultural GDP, whereby short -term effects are negative, highlighting the need for efficient credit use to optimize benefits. Additionally, the study identifies other significant determinants of agricultural GDP: the exchange rate positively influences long-term agricultural GDP; government spending positively affects it in the short-term; FDI boosts long-term agricultural growth but has a negative short-term impact; and previous season's agricultural production positively impacts agricultural GDP in both terms. The study suggests increasing agricultural credit supply, addressing exchange rate fluctuations, encouraging FDI, and promoting high- value crop specialization to enhance agricultural GDP in all terms. Recommendations include improving credit market efficiency and reducing bureaucratic inefficiencies to expedite credit disbursement.

Critical review of cosmopolitanism part 1: scepticism towards the viability of cosmopolitan democracy and its implication for Africans

2025-02-20T09:55:02+00:00

This essay is the first of a two-part series about Cosmopolitan Democracy. It questions the viability of this idea, and the author seeks to understand the practicality of this concept on a pragmatic, rather than an idealistic lens, in the contemporary global society. Cosmopolitan Democracy, championed by globalists is a perspective of world governance or a "world state" concept where a decentralized system of governance is sustained by various decision-making sources whilst honouring states with some level of national autonomy. It is a concept which gives the morality of the individual a central viewpoint and this morality is what should be
regarded when sustaining societies, hence the massive attention on social justice by its proponents. Issues raised such as distributive justice, coercion and partiality, the cosmopolitan conceptual legitimacy at a global level, citizenship, reciprocity and sovereignty oppose the legitimacy and practicality of this concept, giving statists, sovereigntists, nationalists and other sceptics of the cosmopolitan Agenda reasons to question this ideology. With the complexities surrounding the conceptual definition and implementation of cosmopolitan democracy, a good number of scholars fear it may not be as progressive as it has been widely portrayed by its
adherents.

Critical review of cosmopolitanism part 2: the viability of cosmopolitan democracy in the 21st century

2025-02-20T10:15:00+00:00

This review aims at answering the critical questions asked by critiques on Cosmopolitan Democracy. It explains how this concept practically fits into the global society of today as an effective way of global governance whilst responding to some issues raised by opponents and sceptics of this view, which are: the radical nature of its agenda, its lack of legal or political frameworks, its push for idealism centred on morality, rather than realism centred on the implementation of human rights on a political and legal structure, the ambiguity of the identity of a ‘global citizen’ and the complexities behind coercion and sovereignty. The ModerateMoral Cosmopolitan ideology will be used to critically address the issues of military interventions; the legality of human rights, the preference for transnational laws than international laws in the propagation of cosmopolitan rights and the role of expert bodies in ensuring the enforcements of these rights whilst spreading cosmopolitan democracy.