International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs <!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning ></w:PunctuationKerning> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas ></w:ValidateAgainstSchemas> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables ></w:BreakWrappedTables> <w:SnapToGridInCell ></w:SnapToGridInCell> <w:WrapTextWithPunct ></w:WrapTextWithPunct> <w:UseAsianBreakRules ></w:UseAsianBreakRules> <w:DontGrowAutofit ></w:DontGrowAutofit> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0pt; margin-right:0pt; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:FR;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0pt; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --><!--[endif] --> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 140%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;">The <em>International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences</em> (IJBCS) is a journal published by International Formulae Group (IFG). It is devoted to the publication of contributions in all fields of biology including microbiology, parasitology, biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, physiology, pathology, health sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, biotechnology, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;">biostatistics, bioinformatics,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;"> environmental biology, hydrobiology, food science, nutrition, agricultural sciences, agropastoralism, animal production, wildlife, botany, ethnobotany, forestry, agroforestry and agrogeology. It is also devoted to the publication of contributions in all fields of chemistry including chemistry of natural products, organic synthesis, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, industrial chemistry, clinical chemistry, hydrochemistry, agrochemistry, geochemistry and biogeochemistry. IJBCS publishes original research papers, critical up-to-date and concise reviews on topics of current interest, and short communications. It aims to serve all bioscientists and all chemists. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;">Six</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;"> issues are published per year.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 140%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;">Language of Publication: French, English</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 140%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 140%; font-family: Arial;">You can view this journal's website <a href="http://www.ifgdg.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</span></p> Ivyspring International Publisher en-US International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 1991-8631 <p>Submission of a paper for publication implies the transfer of the copyright from the author(s) to the publisher upon acceptance. International Formulae Group is therefore the copyright holder after publication of an article in <em>International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences,</em> and published articles should not be used for commercial purpose without the written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. They are licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en_US">Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License</a>.</p><p> </p> Optimizing Growth Conditions and Biomass Accumulation for <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> of the Western Indian Ocean, Tanzania https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/289970 <p>Microalgae hold significant potential for addressing global challenges such as climate change, food security, and environmental&nbsp; degradation. However, data on optimal culture conditions for growth and biochemical composition, particularly for microalgae from the&nbsp; Western Indian Ocean, are limited. This study evaluated the growth and biochemical composition of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> isolated from&nbsp; Tanzanian estuaries. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, <em>C. vulgaris</em> was cultured under high (5.5 ± 3.3 Klux) and low (2.9 ± 1.6 Klux) light intensities, with samples collected for biochemical analysis on days 7 and 14. The second experiment examined the effects of&nbsp; salinity (5, 10, 15, 20, and 33 g kg⁻¹) on growth under a light intensity of 2.9 ± 1.6 Klux. Optimal growth was observed at 15 g kg⁻¹ salinity&nbsp; level. Higher light intensities increased crude protein and iron content while lower light favored lipid, carbohydrate, and phosphorus&nbsp; accumulation. Shorter culture periods (7 days) enhanced protein, lipid, and carbohydrate levels, whereas longer periods (14 days)&nbsp; increased ash and specific minerals like iron, potassium, and calcium. These findings provide strategies for optimizing <em>C. vulgaris</em> growth&nbsp; and composition for continually harnessing its potential for addressing global challenges.&nbsp;</p> Angelina Michael Kulwa Mtaki Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2066 2077 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.1 Rôle des Zones Humides et défis de l'eutrophisation : perspectives pour une gestion durable des ressources aquatiques au Burkina Faso https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/289972 <p>Pour comprendre l'impact des variations saisonnières sur la qualité de l'eau et son influence sur l'écosystème aquatique, le suivi de la&nbsp; qualité des eaux de surface par des indicateurs physico-chimiques du Barrage 2 de Ouagadougou a été nécessaire. L'objectif de l’étude&nbsp; est d'évaluer les indicateurs physico-chimiques de l'eau du Barrage 2 de Ouagadougou et leur influence sur les végétaux aquatiques,&nbsp; afin d'identifier les risques potentiels liés à la qualité de l'eau. La mise en évidence des indicateurs physico-chimiques par les méthodes&nbsp; de spectrophotométrie d’absorption moléculaire pour les composants chimiques et par méthode électrochimique pour les paramètres&nbsp; physiques a été appliquée. Les analyses ont révélé que pendant la saison des hautes eaux, une augmentation de 1 mg/L de nitrate a été&nbsp; associée à une augmentation de 0,011 Ug/L de chlorophylle A, tandis qu'en saison des basses eaux, la chlorophylle A a montré des&nbsp; corrélations positives avec les nitrates, la conductivité et la turbidité, ce qui présente un risque accru pour le Barrage 2 de Ouagadougou.&nbsp; Ces résultats physico-chimiques permettent de classer l'eau du barrage entre oligotrophie et mésotrophie/hypereutrophie.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title:</em> Role of Wetlands and Challenges of Eutrophication: Perspectives for Sustainable Management of Aquatic Resources in Burkina Faso</strong></p> <p>To understand the impact of seasonal variations on water quality and its influence on the aquatic ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor&nbsp; surface water quality using physico-chemical indicators at Ouagadougou Dam 2. The aim of the study is to evaluate the physico-chemical&nbsp; indicators of the water at Ouagadougou Dam 2 and their influence on aquatic plants, in order to identify potential risks linked to water&nbsp; quality. Physico-chemical indicators were identified using molecular absorption spectrophotometry for chemical components and&nbsp; electrochemical methods for physical parameters. Analyses revealed that during the high-water season, a 1 mg/L increase in nitrate was&nbsp; associated with a 0.011 Ug/L increase in chlorophyll A, while during the low-water season, chlorophyll A showed positive correlations with&nbsp; nitrate, conductivity and turbidity, presenting an increased risk for Ouagadougou Dam 2. These physico-chemical results make it&nbsp; possible to classify the dam's water between oligotrophy and mesotrophy/hypereutrophy.</p> Tiraogo Prince Florian Bouda Badaye Abdoulaye Sirima Yélézouomin Stéphane Corentin Some Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2078 2092 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.2 Evaluation de la qualité microbiologique du gésier de poulet vendu dans le secteur informel et hygiène relative à la vente à Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/289975 <p>Les aliments vendus dans la rue font rarement l'objet d'inspections pour garantir leur innocuité. L’objectif de cette étude réalisée de&nbsp; septembre 2023 à avril 2024, était d’évaluer la qualité hygiénique et microbiologique des gésiers de poulet vendus de façon informelle à&nbsp; Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire). Une enquête a été effectuée auprès de 55 vendeurs de poulets. Cent dix-huit (118) gésiers frais et congelés ont&nbsp; été prélevés pour la recherche d’Escherichia coli et de Staphylococcus aureus. L’enquête a révélé que tous les vendeurs (100%) n’étaient&nbsp; pas formés sur les notions d’hygiène. N’étant à presque trois-quarts pas vaccinés (70,9%), 25,0 % d’entre eux avaient des lésions aux&nbsp; mains. Le pourcentage de contamination par Staphylococcus spp. des gésiers congelés (100%) étaitsignificativement plus élevé que celui&nbsp; des gésiers frais (69,2%). La charge moyenne d’E. coli dans les gésiers frais (1,8. 102 ± 2,3.102 UFC/g) était significativement plus élevée&nbsp; que celle des gésiers congelés (0,09.102 ± 1,6.102 UFC/g). Au regard du règlement n° 2011-2567/GNC du 2 novembre 2011, la qualité&nbsp; microbiologique des gésiers était acceptable. Toutefois, les vendeurs doivent être formés sur les règles d’hygiène. Le risque sanitaire&nbsp; demeure du fait des coupures régulières d’électricité à Korhogo qui pourraient avoir pour conséquence la multiplication des germes au- delà des limites acceptables.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title: Evaluation of the microbiological quality of chicken gizzards sold in the informal sector and hygiene at the time of sale in Korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire)</em></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Food sold on the street is rarely subject to official inspections and controls to guarantee its safety. The objective of this study, carried out&nbsp; from September 2023 to April 2024, was to assess the hygienic and microbiological quality of chicken gizzards sold informally in Korhogo&nbsp; (Côte d'Ivoire). A survey was carried out among 55 chicken sellers. One hundred and eighteen (118) fresh and frozen chicken gizzards&nbsp; were sampled for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The survey revealed that all the sales staff (100%) had not been trained in hygiene. Nearly three-quarters of them had not been vaccinated (70.9%) and 25.0% had lesions on their hands. The percentage of&nbsp; Staphylococcus spp. contamination of frozen gizzards (100%) was significantly higher than that of fresh gizzards (69.2%). The average E.&nbsp; coli load in the fresh gizzards (1.8.102 ± 2.3.102 CFU/g) was significantly higher than that in the frozen gizzards (0.09.102 ± 1.6.102 CFU/g).&nbsp; With regard to regulation no. 2011-2567/GNC of 2 November 2011, the microbiological quality of the gizzards was acceptable,&nbsp; although sellers need to be trained in hygiene rules. The health risk remains due to the regular power cuts in Korhogo, which could result&nbsp; in germs multiplying beyond acceptable limits.&nbsp;</p> Sylvain Gnamien Traoré Affou Seraphin Wognin Vessaly Kallo Kouadio Benal Kouassi Gilbert Fokou Amoin N’guanlessa Ninon Leatitia Kouassi Den Jessica Ragida Boni Ahoulan Blaise Krahiboue Biego Guillaume Gragnon Glossi Bernadette Goualie Marina Koussemon-Camara Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2093 2105 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6. Influence of amino acids on in vitro flowering of <i>Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.</i> https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290085 <p><em>Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.</em> is an endangered medicinal plant, widely used in both traditional and modern medicine to cure various ailments.&nbsp; The flowers of <em>R. tetraphylla</em> are used in the treatment of asthma along with leaves by the tribes of Tamil Nadu. The present study was&nbsp; undertaken with an objective to study the effect of amino acids on flowering response in <em>Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.</em> The nodal explants were&nbsp; collected and tested for in vitro flowering response by using medium prepared with MS nutrient salts and B5 vitamins with different concentrations of GA3 along with 4.44 µM BA. BA at 4.44 µM and GA3 at 4.441 µM concentration produced more flower buds than the&nbsp; other tested concentrations. Proline at 0.66 mM concentration, along with the above said phytohormones combination induced 5.24 floral&nbsp; buds per explant from the node explants with 78% response within ten days of culture. This protocol may help for the continuous&nbsp; supply of flowers that are useful in herbal formulation preparations, moreover, flowers are produced within a short period time.&nbsp;</p> S. Anitha G. Sujatha B. D. Ranjitha Kumari Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2106 2112 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.4 Adaptation strategies of cocoa producers in the face of forest rarefaction in the Sub-Prefecture of Bonon (West-Central Côte d'Ivoire) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290010 <p>Côte d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer of cocoa beans. However, cocoa is cultivated on forest precedent, resulting in a drastic&nbsp; reduction in forest reserves. Faced with land scarcity and falling productivity farmers have developed adaptation strategiesThis work was&nbsp; carried out in order to determine the adaptation strategies of cocoa farmers in the face of forest scarcity in the Bonon Sub-prefecture. To&nbsp; achieve this, a Landsat 2021 satellite image with 30 m resolution was used, followed by field visits to verify land-use classes and enable the land-use map to be produced. In addition, a questionnaire survey was carried out to determine farmers' strategies. The results&nbsp; showed that the study area is made up of 4 land-use classes. The main reasons given by Bonon growers for the scarcity of forests were&nbsp; agricultural activities and population growth. To cope with these constraints, farmers have developed strategies such as replanting cocoa&nbsp; trees, switching to other crops and diversifying their sources of income. As a result of this work, it can be recommended that farmers&nbsp; adopt cocoabased agroforestry to ensure the sustainability of cocoa farming in Côte d'Ivoire.&nbsp;</p> Kobenan Pierre N'gouran Golou Gizèle Zanh Akoua Tamia Madeleine Kouakou Pingue Mikouaba Coulibaly Yao Sadaiou Sabas Barima Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2113 2126 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.5 Ethno-veterinary treatment of digestive parasites of cattle in Vina division, Adamawa region, Cameroon https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290013 <p>Digestive parasitosis constitutes a serious health hazard for animals especially in Africa. Vina, a division in the Adamawa region is rich in&nbsp; plants used in ethno veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to gather empirical veterinary knowledge from livestock farmers,&nbsp; usually deemed useful in the treatment of digestive parasitic diseases in animals and which is rarely available in scientific literature. An&nbsp; ethno veterinary survey was carried out among 120 livestock farmers and agro-pastoralists in Cameroon's agro-ecological zone II. Most&nbsp; of the respondents were foulbes (82.5%), agro-breeders (73%) and those who used traditional veterinary pharmacopoeia (87%). All&nbsp; groups were illiterates, Muslims and 85% practiced only self-treatment. They dewormed their animals (95%) and confessed to being able&nbsp; to farm without chemotherapy (72%). A total of 27 plants, including Khaya senegalensis (43.33%), Carica papaya (16.67%) and Sesbania&nbsp; spp (13.33%), the most frequently cited by farmers, were used to treat digestive strongylosis in cattle, and 15 plants, including <em>Carica papaya (12.20%), Khaya senegalensis (10.57%), Piliostigma thonningii (9.76%) </em>and <em>Stereospermum kunthianum (7.32%),</em> the most&nbsp; frequently cited, were inventoried for their medicinal role in cattle. The most commonly used plant parts were the leaves and barks, and&nbsp; majority of the traditional veterinary remedies were prepared in decoction form. The flora of Cameroon's high Guinean savannah is richly&nbsp; diverse in medicinal plants. This study revealed a total of 42 plant species as medicinal plants, including 27 with anti-parasitic&nbsp; efficacy. Out of these 27, 3 were most commonly used by farmers pointing to their supposed efficacy. It was realized that farmers do not&nbsp; have any standard ways of measuring the volumes or weights of the plant-based medications and carrying out prognosis, combined with&nbsp; paucity of scientific information on these plants.&nbsp;</p> Elias Darahalaye Abladam Elysée Djedoubouyom Name Hassanu Fanadzenyuy Mbiba Yonwa Dieudonné Ndjonk Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2127 2144 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.6 La race bovine Lagunaire : pratiques et contraintes d’élevage dans la zone côtière de Côte d’Ivoire https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290014 <p>Une analyse descriptive du mode d’élevage de la race Lagunaire dans la zone côtière de la côte d’Ivoire a été menée afin d’identifier ses&nbsp; caractéristiques et les difficultés rencontrées. Le but de ce travail est de d’élaborer des stratégies de gestion de cette race. Les éleveurs&nbsp; de la zone Sud-Ouest sont rencontrés généralement dans deux sous-préfectures du département de Tabou (Grabo et Oulodio). Les&nbsp; élevages de la zone Sud-Ouest présentent les caractéristiques d’un élevage sédentaire traditionnel pratiqué. Les animaux divaguent à la&nbsp; recherche de la nourriture. Aussi, ces animaux ne bénéficiaient d’aucun complément alimentaire et ne recevaient pas de traitement&nbsp; vétérinaire. Par contre les éleveurs de la zone Sud-Est étaient localisés dans les départements d’Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou,&nbsp; Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou et Sikensi. Ce deuxième groupe, les animaux étaient conduits au pâturage par un employé Peuhl. Les&nbsp; animaux sont suivis par un vétérinaire et en plus ils étaient régulièrement vaccinés et déparasités. Mais la présence des races zébu,&nbsp; N’dama Baoulé dans ce cheptel pourrait augmenter le risque de métissage dont souffre déjà la race locale Lagunaire.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title:</em> The Lagoon breed: breeding practices and constraints in coastal Côte d'Ivoire <br></strong></p> <p>A descriptive analysis of how the Lagoon breed is reared in the coastal zone of Côte d'Ivoire was carried out to identify its characteristics&nbsp; and difficulties. The aim of this study was to develop management strategies for this breed. In general, the two sub-prefectures of the&nbsp; Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio) are home to breeders in the south-western zone. Flocks in the southwestern region are&nbsp; characterized by traditional sedentary farming practices. The animals roam in search of food. No feed supplements or veterinary&nbsp; treatments were administered to the animals. On the other hand, farmers in the south-eastern zone were located in the departments of&nbsp; Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou, and Sikensi. In the second group, the animals were taken to&nbsp; pasture by a Peuhl employee. They were also regularly vaccinated and dewormed by a veterinarian. However, the presence of the Zebu&nbsp; and Ndama Baoule breeds in this herd could increase the risk of crossbreeding. The local Lagunaire breed is already suffering from this&nbsp; problem.&nbsp;</p> Yves Stéphane Aka Brahima Soro Michael Herbert Kpahé Kanh Isidore Kouadio Kpandji Mathurin Koffi Didier Paulin Sokouri Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2145 2155 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.7 Caractérisation sédimentologique et la faune benthique de la baie d’Attoutou Jacqueville, Côte d’Ivoire https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290015 <p>La lagune Ebrié constitue un bassin de réception des chenaux de drainage des déchets issus des activités socio-économiques d’Abidjan&nbsp; et ses banlieues. Ce qui menace l’existence de ses baies dont les populations locales en dépendent. Les objectifs de l’étude de la baie&nbsp; d’Attoutou étaient de caractériser les sédiments et de déterminer la distribution de la faune benthique. L’étude sédimentologique&nbsp; consistait à faire une analyse granulométrique et morphoscopique. L’étude du macrofaune consistait à identifier et à dénombrer les organismes. La baie d’Attoutou était composée de vases, puis de sables moyens à grossiers. Ces sédiments ont été moyennement et&nbsp; médiocrement classés et asymétriques. La morphoscopie des grains de quartz a montré une prédominance de grains sub-arrondis, sub- anguleux, émoussés-luisants. Les dépôts étaient d’origine continentale provenant des rivières. La faune benthique regroupait 9 espèces,&nbsp; 6 familles, 5 ordres et 2 classes. Les espèces sont composées de lamellibranches (<em>Loripes aberrans, Iphigenia truncata, Potamocorbula&nbsp; adusta) et de gastéropodes (Pachymelania fusca, Tympanotonos fuscatus var. radula, Tympanotonos foscatus, Melanoides tuberculata,&nbsp; Pachymelania aurita, Neritina sp.)</em>. La nature du substrat, la faiblesse de l’indice de diversité spécifique et la présence d’espèces&nbsp; tolérantes dans un écosystème en cours de dégradation ont mis en évidence un état de pollution de la baie d’Attoutou.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>English title: Sedimentological characterization and benthic fauna of Attoutou Bay </strong></em><em><strong>Jacqueville, Ivory Coast</strong></em></p> <p>The Ebrié lagoon is a catchment area for drainage channels for waste from the socio-economic activities of Abidjan and its suburbs. This&nbsp; threatens the existence of its bays, on which local populations depend. The objectives of the study of Attoutou Bay were to characterise&nbsp; the sediments and determine the distribution of the benthic fauna. The sedimentological study consisted of a granulometric and&nbsp; morphoscopic analysis. The macrofauna study consisted of identifying and counting organisms. Attoutou Bay was made up of mud,&nbsp; followed by medium to coarse sands. These sediments were moderately and poorly graded and asymmetrical. Quartz grain&nbsp; morphoscopy showed a predominance of sub-rounded, sub-angular, blunt-edged grains. The deposits were of continental origin,&nbsp; originating from rivers. The benthic fauna comprised 9 species, 6 families, 5 orders and 2 classes. The species consisted of lamellibranchs&nbsp; (<em>Loripes aberrans, Iphigenia truncata, Potamocorbula adusta) </em><em>and gastropods (Pachymelania fusca, Tympanotonos fuscatus var. radula,&nbsp; Tympanotonos foscatus, Melanoides </em><em>tuberculata, Pachymelania aurita, Neritina sp.)</em>. The nature of the substrate, the low specific diversity&nbsp; index and the presence of tolerant species in a degrading ecosystem revealed a state of pollution in Attoutou Bay.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> Affoué Rachel Kouassi Touvale Marcel Kesse Fori Yao Paul Assale Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2156 2169 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.8 Diet of <i>Coptodon tholloni congica</i> (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the Nkéni River (Tributary of the Congo River) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290016 <p>This study was undertaken to found out the feeding habits of Coptodon tholloni congica from the Nkéni River. The stomach contents of&nbsp; 62 fish specimens captured using a cast net were examined, 7 were empty (11,29%). The standard length of the specimens varied&nbsp; between 43.16 and 95.74 mm, an average of 63.3 ± 8.1 mm, examination of the structure of the digestive tract showed a small stomach&nbsp; and a long intestine (2 ,4&lt; CI &lt;7.13), thus indicating that the studied species is phytophagous. The diet was analyzed by calculating the preponderance index of each prey item according to the specimens size and the season. The emptiness coefficient was equal to 10.26%,&nbsp; Coptodon tholloni congica consumes plant debris (Ip=37.63%) and mud (Ip=33.50%) and algae (20.35%). The Schoener index shows that&nbsp; no significant seasonal variation in diet was observed.&nbsp;</p> D.B.C. Olabi-Obath M. Mikia A. Tsoumou l.P.D. Boukama I. Mady-Goma Dirat Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2170 2179 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.9 Effect of crossbreeding on production performances and egg quality traits between improved local cocks and Isa Brown chickens https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290017 <p>The low performance level of local chicken in the Niger poultry production system is mainly due to the fact that the local chickens have&nbsp; low genetic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the production performances and egg quality characteristics of hens&nbsp; obtained by crossbreeding of Isa brown hybrid hens and improved local cocks (Magia) (ISA-A) in comparison with commercial Isa brown&nbsp; hybrid hens (ISA-B). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two-layer genotypes (40 hens per genotype) used in this study. These two genotypes were housed in a floor system when hens were 19 weeks of age at a stocking density of 10 birds/ m2 . Production performance parameters and egg quality characteristics were recorded throughout the experimental period, which&nbsp; lasted 21 weeks. The ISA-A hens achieved higher values for egg production (P=0.000) as compared to the Isa Brown hybrid genotype, and&nbsp; the mean laying rate was about 7% higher for the ISA-A hens than that of ISA-B hens. The egg production period for ISA-A hens peaked at&nbsp; a rate of 83.67%, which was higher than for ISA-B with 74.03% at 29 weeks. However, no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in average egg&nbsp; weight and feed intake were observed between ISA-B and ISA-A layers. Moreover, egg quality characteristics were not significantly&nbsp; affected by genotype (P&gt;0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that crossbreeding between Magia cocks and commercial Isa brown layer&nbsp; hens might be an alternative method for improving Niger's local chickens.&nbsp;</p> Abdoulaziz Hamissou Maman İskender Yildirim Gamze Nur Asker Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2180 2188 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.10 Préparations et modes d’utilisation des plantes réputées galactogènes à partir des savoirs endogènes des éleveurs laitiers au Burkina Faso https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290018 <p>Au Burkina Faso, le tarissement précoce des vaches laitières entraîne des pertes pour les fermes laitières d’où le recours aux plantes&nbsp; réputées galactogènes. L’objectif de cette étude a été de produire une synthèse des connaissances endogènes sur ces plantes réputées&nbsp; galactogènes et envisager une production industrielle pour la nutrition animale. En effet, une enquête a été réalisée d’octobre à&nbsp; décembre 2022 dans huit (08) régions du Burkina Faso a permis d’inventorier auprès de 160 éleveurs et agro-éleveurs composés de 80 femmes des éleveurs et 80 hommes, vingt-et-une (21) espèces appartenant à onze (11) familles. Les statistiques descriptives ont été&nbsp; appliquée aux données d’enquête grâce au logiciel SPSS version 20.0 et l’analyse des variances (ANOVA) a été appliquée aux données&nbsp; bromatologiques (Mulitab.18.1.0.0 setup) après vérification de la normalité. Les résultats ont montré que les feuilles, les écorces, les&nbsp; tiges, les racines, les fruits, les gousses ont été les organes utilisés dans les préparations galactogènes. Les méthodes de préparations&nbsp; étaient : la décoction, l’extraction à froid, la trituration, l’infusion, la poudre à lécher, la trituration par breuvage et la forme séchée par la&nbsp; voie orale. Les espèces comme Accacia nilotica, Vigna unguiculata (L), Vigna subterranea (L.) et Arachis hypogaea ont donné des teneurs&nbsp; en protéines élevées respectivement, 15,69 ± 0,49% ; 17,4 ± 0,46% ; 19,66 ± 0,28% ; 20,89 ± 0,01% ; 27,46 ± 0,28%. En conclusion, il existe&nbsp; une diversité de plantes réputées galactogènes et utilisées par les éleveurs et agro-éleveurs au Burkina Faso.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>English title: Reputed galactopoietic plant species usage and preparations from dairy farmers indigenous knowledge in Burkina Faso</strong></em></p> <p>In Burkina Faso, the early drying of lactating cows has negatives impacts on dairy farm productivity. Farmers use plants to stimulate milk&nbsp; synthesis in order to improve dairy cows’ performances. The aim of the study was to collect the current knowledges of farmers on&nbsp; galactopoïesis plants known to have chemical properties for milk synthesis. A survey was conducted on 160 farmers (80 males et 80&nbsp; females) in height administrative regions of Burkina Faso from October to December 2022. Data were subjected to descriptives Statistics&nbsp; using SPSS version 20.0 and chemical data were subjected to analysis of variances (ANOVA) using Mulitab.18.1.0.0 setup after normality&nbsp; test. The results showed 21 supposed galactopoietic species belonged to 11 plants families. The sheets, the barks, the stems, the roots,&nbsp; the fruits, the pods were the bodies used in the galactagogue preparations. Moreover, the decoction, the cold extraction, the trituration,&nbsp; the infusion, the powder to be licked, the trituration by brewage and form it dried were the methods used. The principal fashion of&nbsp; administration was by the oral route. Some species like <em>Accacia nilotica, Vigna unguiculata (L), Vigna subterranea (L.) </em>and<em> Arachis&nbsp; hypogaea</em> showed higher crude protein content with average of 15,69 ± 0,49%; 17,4 ± 0,46%;19,66 ± 0,28%; 20,89 ± 0,01%;27,46 ± 0,28%,&nbsp; respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that there is a diversity of plants considered to be galactopoietic, used by the stockbreeders&nbsp; and agrostockbreeders in Burkina Faso which could use to make natural galactogogues blocks for milk let down&nbsp;&nbsp; stimulation of dairy cows.</p> Irène Rayinwende Sawadogo Vinsoun Millogo Michel Kere Eric Millogo Jean Mendiédiba Bangou Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2189 2204 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.11 Optimal tree sampling for ecosystem-specific biomass allometry modeling in Congo Basin forests https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290019 <p>Allometric equations are fundamental for estimating biomass in forests and their accuracy depends heavily on the quality and&nbsp; representativeness of the data used to construct them. This study aimed to benchmark tree sampling techniques and determine the&nbsp; optimal number of sample trees for constructing allometric equations. Ten sampling strategies consisting of the combination of two&nbsp; allometric models and five sampling techniques were evaluated. Random sampling techniques and four sampling techniques with eight&nbsp; diameter size-classes based on cumulative frequency distribution were compared. A wide range of sample data was simulated using a parametric resampling method to ensure unbiased sampling and a representative spread of observations. Data were derived from 15&nbsp; inventory plots in three Congo Basin forest reserves. Results showed that uncertainty due to differences in size class distribution was&nbsp; minimized by a sampling technique, which effectively represents large trees. High sample sizes were required for precision in the&nbsp; absence of large trees. Sample sizes uncertainty was influenced by stand characteristics, mainly the shape of the inventory plot and data&nbsp; distribution. This study reveals that the biomass prediction uncertainty depends on the population’s specific characteristics, the type of&nbsp;&nbsp; allometric model used, and the representativeness of large trees in the sample.</p> Gabin Finagnon Laly Gilbert Atindogbe Afouda Hospice Akpo Titilayo Oyélèyè Fafounkè Dotchamou Barthélemy Kassa Noël Houédougbé Fonton Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2205 2220 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.12 Identification et caractérisation des potentiels habitats larvaires de moustiques <i>Anopheles spp.</i> dans la ville de Niamey https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290021 <p>Les moustiques anophèles constituent un problème majeur de santé publique au Niger, notamment à Niamey qui est confrontée à une&nbsp; urbanisation galopante associée à des modifications importantes des écosystèmes locaux. La lutte anti-larvaire des anophèles nécessite&nbsp; la connaissance de leurs milieux de développement. Cette étude visait à identifier et caractériser les gîtes favorables aux développements&nbsp; larvaires dans plusieurs quartiers de Niamey. C’est une étude transversale, prospective de larves dans des gîtes&nbsp; potentiels en saison pluvieuse, saison froide et saison chaude au cours desquelles les paramètres physico-chimiques ont été mesurés. Au&nbsp; total 252 gîtes ont été identifiés, repartis en 9 groupes : les rizières post-repiquage et à l’épiaison, les mares permanentes et semi- permanentes, les réservoirs d’irrigation, les caniveaux, les flaques d’eau naturelles, les bordures du fleuve et les carrières de briques ont&nbsp; été enregistrés. Le plus grand nombre de gîtes a été enregistré en saison pluvieuse avec 47,6% (n=120) et le faible en saison chaude avec&nbsp; 14,3% (n=36). Les gîtes anthropiques ont été plus abondants 57,1% (n=144) que les gîtes naturels 42,9% (n=108) et la majorité se trouvait dans l’environnement immédiat de l’habitation humaine. La verdure, la grande surface, la petite profondeur, la température et le pH&nbsp; neutre à tendance basique ont été fortement associés à la présence et à l’abondance larvaire. Les larves de Anopheles spp. se&nbsp; développent dans plusieurs types collections d’eau, lesquelles sont plus nombreuse en saison pluvieuse et résultent principalement des&nbsp; activités anthropiques.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title: Identification and characterization of potential habitats of larvae of mosquito </em></strong><strong><em>Anopheles spp. in Niamey city</em></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;Anopheles mosquitoes constitute a major public health problem in Niger, particularly in Niamey which is facing rapid urbanization&nbsp; associated witch significant changes in local ecosystems. Anti-larval control of Anopheles requires knowledge of their development&nbsp; environments. This study aims to identify and characterize breeding sites favorable to larval development in several districts of Niamey.&nbsp; This is a repeated, prospective cross-sectional study of larvae in potential breeding sites in rainy, cold and hot seasons during which physicochemical parameters were measured. In total, 252 larval breeding sites were identified and divided into 9 groups: post- transplanting rice fields, heading rice fields, permanent and semi-permanent ponds, irrigation reservoirs, gutters, natural puddles, river&nbsp; banks and brick quarries were recorded. The highest number of roosts was recorded during the rainy season with 47.6% (n=120) and the&nbsp; lowest during the hot season with 14.3% (n=36). Anthropogenic roosts were more abundant 57.1% (n=144) than natural roosts 42.9%&nbsp; (n=108) and the majority were found in the immediate environment of human habitations. Greenness, large surface area, shallow depth&nbsp; as well as temperature, neutral and basic pH of roosts were strongly associated with larval abundance. The results of this study show that&nbsp; Anopheles spp. develops in several water catchments, which are more numerous in the rainy season and mainly result from&nbsp; anthropogenic activities.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> Mamane Salé Noura Issa Ibrahima Djedanem Medard Firmain N’dri Yokoly Ramatoulaye S.O. Maiga Zoulkifouly Hounkarin Wilfried Djibo Souley Ali Amadou Soumana Souleymane Mahamane Iro Ibrahim Maman Laminou Doumma Ali Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2221 2237 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6. Diversity and structure of the fish fauna of Rêverie Farm Water Reservoir at Anyama (Côte d’Ivoire) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290084 <p>The Rêverie farm reservoir is an important eco-geographic area. It is inhabited by a variety of animals among them fishes that come to&nbsp; occupy its waters for reproduction and food needs. Reliable and basic information on these fishes is required for the sustainable&nbsp; management of this resource. The ichthyofauna was sampled monthly from July to December 2014. Experimental fisheries were&nbsp; conducted on the water body with various capture gears. A total of 820 fish samples was collected and belonging to 9 species, 6 genus&nbsp; and 5 families. The family Cichlidae (3 species with 1 hybrid) dominated qualitatively and quantitatively the population of this water&nbsp; reservoir. It was followed by the family Claroteidae (2 species). In terms of number and biomass and even in both seasons, the dominant&nbsp; species were <em>Coptodon zillii, Oreochromis niloticus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and hybrid (Coptodon zillii x C. guineensis)</em>. From a&nbsp; distribution point of view, the ShannonWeaver (H '&gt; 2) index and equitability (E &gt; 0.5) values calculated reflect a good organization and&nbsp; stability of the ichthyological population. The results will serve as references for the fish fauna and also to guide decision for the Rêverie&nbsp; farm reservoir.&nbsp;</p> Yedehi Euphrasie Adou Kassi Georges Blahoua Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2267 2280 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.16 Effets de la présence du Basilic (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) sur les insectes ravageurs du chou (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L.) et sur le rendement de la culture dans la commune de Maïné-Soroa au Niger https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290022 <p>Le maraîchage est l’une des principales activités de la population du village d’Adebour dans le département de Maïné-Soroa, région de&nbsp; Diffa. Cependant, les cultures maraîchères, particulièrement le chou, font face aux dégâts d’insectes qui compromettent le plus souvent&nbsp; la production. Les pesticides chimiques habituellement utilisés s’avèrent peu accessibles et nuisibles à l’environnement. La présente&nbsp; étude, menée dans la cuvette oasienne du village d’Adebour, avait comme objectif général de mettre en évidence les effets de la présence du basilic (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>) sur les insectes ravageurs du chou. Pour cela, le basilic a été associé au chou à des densités&nbsp; différentes et d’autres parcelles, où le basilic n’était pas associé au chou, ont été traitées avec un pesticide chimique. L’essai a été conduit&nbsp; selon un dispositif expérimental en factoriel bloc avec trois (3) répétitions. Les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du&nbsp; chou ont été mesurés et les insectes présents dans les parcelles ont été inventoriés à intervalles de temps réguliers. Les insectes recensés&nbsp; étaient essentiellement les criquets et les chenilles. Il n’y a pas eu de différence statistiquement significative pour les&nbsp; paramètres de croissance. Le rendement obtenu en biomasse totale, où le témoin était significativement inférieur aux autres traitements,&nbsp; a varié de 21,95 ± 2,02 t. ha-1 pour le témoin à 38,88 ± 4,67 t. ha-1 pour le pesticide chimique. Les résultats ont ainsi révélé&nbsp; que le basilic peut être une alternative aux pesticides chimiques.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title: Effects of the presence of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) insect pests and on the crop yield in the municipality of MaïnéSoroa in Niger</em></strong></p> <p>Market gardening is one of the main activities of the population of the village of Adebour in the MaïnéSoroa department, Diffa region.&nbsp; However, market gardening crops, particularly cabbage, face insect damage that most often compromise production. The chemical&nbsp; pesticides usually used are difficult to access and harmful to the environment. The present study, carried out in the oasis basin of the&nbsp; village of Adebour, had as general objective to highlight the effects of the presence of basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>) on cabbage insect pests.&nbsp; For this, basil was combined with cabbage at different densities and other plots, where basil was not associated with cabbage, were&nbsp; treated with a chemical pesticide. The test was conducted using a block factorial experimental design with three (3) repetitions. Cabbage&nbsp; growth and yield parameters were measured and insects present in the plots were inventoried at regular time intervals. The insects&nbsp; recorded were mainly locusts and caterpillars. There was no statistically significant difference for growth parameters. For the yield&nbsp; parameters, the control was significantly lower than the other treatments. The yield obtained in total biomass, where the control is significantly lower than the other treatments, ranged from 21.95 ± 2.02 t.ha-<sup>1</sup> for the control to 38.88 ± 4.67 t.ha-<sup>1</sup> for the chemical&nbsp; pesticide. The results revealed that basil can be an alternative to chemical pesticides.</p> Laouali Abdou Younoussou Rabo Mahaman Hamissou Sanoussi Kailou Maigari Malam Assane Ali Mahamane Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2238 2249 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.14 Effets des aménagements de restauration des terres sur la dynamique d’occupation des sols et les caractéristiques de la végétation ligneuse dans la commune de Badaguichiri au Niger https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290023 <p>Au Niger, la dégradation des écosystèmes a incité la mise en place des techniques de restauration des terres qui ont apporté des&nbsp; changements du paysage. L’objectif global de cette étude était d’évaluer les effets des techniques de restauration des terres sur la&nbsp; dynamique d’occupation des sols et les caractéristiques de la végétation ligneuse dans la commune de Badaguichiri. L’étude était basée&nbsp; sur la cartographie spatio-temporelle de l’occupation des sols à l’aide des images satellitaires Landsat des années 1984, 2000 et 2022 en&nbsp; utilisant à la fois la méthode de classification non supervisé avec l’algorithme Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification et la méthode de&nbsp; classification supervisée avec l’algorithme maximum de vraisemblance. En outre, l’inventaire floristique des ligneux a été effectué sur&nbsp; trois sites de la commune (Kossa, Kiré-Kafada et Moudjia) où les techniques de restauration des terres ont été réalisés depuis 7 à 15 ans.&nbsp; Les résultats ont montré que de 1984 à 2022, il y a eu une régression de la classe de savane arbustive (-6,5% de la superficie totale de la&nbsp; commune) et celle de la classe des sols nus (-3,5% de la superficie totale de la commune). Par contre, la classe des champs de culture a&nbsp; quasiment doublé sa superficie (10800 ha en 1984 à 19868 ha en 2022). On a également noté une légère extension de la classe de steppe&nbsp; arbustive (+0,8% de la superficie totale de la commune). Par ailleurs, la végétation de la zone d’étude se caractérise par un degré élevé&nbsp; d’anthropisation. En effet, la répartition par classe de diamètre et de hauteur dans la zone a montré une distribution asymétrique&nbsp; positive ou asymétrique droite et un taux de régénération &gt; 50%. Cette composition et structure de la végétation serait liée aux effets des&nbsp; aménagements de restauration des terres, dans la revégétatlisation de la zone.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title: Effects of land restoration techniques on land use dynamics and woody vegetation characteristics in Badaguichiri commune in Niger</em></strong></p> <p>In Niger, ecosystem degradation has prompted the implementation of land restoration techniques that have brought about changes in&nbsp; landscap. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of land restoration techniques on land use dynamics and woody&nbsp; vegetation characteristics in the commune of Badaguichiri. The study was based on spatio-temporal mapping of land use using Landsat&nbsp; satellite images acquired for three years (1984, 2000 and 2022) according to both the unsupervised classification method with the Iso&nbsp; Cluster Unsupervised Classification algorithm and the supervised classification method with the maximum likelihood algorithm.&nbsp; Furthermore the floristic inventory of woody plants which was performed on three sites in the commune (Kossa, Kiré-Kafada and&nbsp; Moudjia) where land restoration techniques have been installed since 7 to 15 years. The results showed, during 1984-2022 period, a&nbsp; regression of shrub savannah class (-6.5% of the total area) and bare soil class (-3.5% of total area). However, the crops land class has&nbsp; almost doubled its surface area (10,800 ha in 1984 to 19,868 ha in 2022). A slight extension of the shrub steppe class was also observed&nbsp; (23975 ha in 1984 to 24795 ha in 2022). Furthermore, the vegetation in study zone was characterized by a high degree of anthropization.&nbsp; Indeed, the distribution in diameter and height class showed a positive asymmetrical or right asymmetrical distribution and a&nbsp; regeneration rate &gt; 50%. This composition and structure of the vegetation would be linked to positive effects of land restoration&nbsp; techniques in revegetation of study zone.&nbsp;</p> Maman Nassirou Ado Leyamine Alou Namata Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou Salifou Saidou Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2250 2266 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6. Inventaire des moyens et grands mammifères dans trois forêts classées du sudest de la Côte d’Ivoire https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290024 <p>Seules quelques forêts résiduelles persistent au sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire et les données sur leur diversité mammalienne sont peu&nbsp; documentées. Pour répondre à ce manque d’information, notre étude s’est concentrée sur la richesse spécifique, l'abondance relative et&nbsp; la distribution spatiale des moyens et grands mammifères dans trois forêts classées (Comoé 1, N'ganda N'ganda et Soumié), entre 2019&nbsp; et 2021. Plusieurs méthodes ont été utilisées, dont celle des transects linéaires, de la marche de reconnaissance et du piégeage photographique. Au total, 17 espèces de moyens et grands mammifères ont pu être identifiées avec précision dans les trois sites. Des&nbsp; espèces comme Tragelaphus eurycerus et Nandinia binotata n'ont pu être observées qu'au sein de la forêt classée de Comoé 1 et&nbsp; Philantomba maxwellii était la seule espèce de céphalophes qui a été identifiée avec précision. La distribution spatiale saisonnière des&nbsp; espèces identifiées a montré que toute la superficie des sites était occupée. Par ailleurs, la raréfaction des espèces qui se traduit par des indices kilométriques d’abondance faibles (&lt; 1 indice/km) doit être une sonnette d'alarme afin d’améliorer les mécanismes de&nbsp; préservation des forêts classées en Côte d’Ivoire.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>English title: Inventory of medium and large mammals in three classified forests in the South-East of Côte d’Ivoire</strong></em></p> <p>Only a few residual forests persist in the south-east of Côte d’Ivoire and the mammal diversity is poorly documented. To respond to this&nbsp; lack of information, our study focused on the specific richness, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of medium and large&nbsp; mammals in three classified forests (Comoé 1, N’ganda N’ganda and Soumié), between 2019 and 2021. Several methods were used,&nbsp; including line transects, reconnaissance walking, and camera trapping. In total, 17 species of medium and large mammals were&nbsp; accurately identified between the three sites. Species such as Tragelaphus eurycerus and Nandinia binotata could only be observed&nbsp; within Comoé 1 classified forest, and Philantomba maxwellii was the only duiker species that was accurately identified. The seasonal&nbsp; spatial distribution of identified species showed that those sites were entirely occupied. However, the low relative abundance (Kilometric&nbsp; Abundance Index &lt; 1 index/km) of so-called common species indicates a rarefaction of species, which should be a call to improve the&nbsp; mechanisms for preserving classified forests in Côte d’Ivoire.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> Diorne Marie-Aurore Koko Zausa Elie Bandama Bogui Bertin Kouamé Akpatou Bertin Kouamé Akpatou Tchinyo Coulibaly et Inza Kone Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2281 2299 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.17 Adoption drivers of the sustainable land management measures by women farmers in the South-Center of Benin Republic https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290025 <p>In Benin, 62% of agricultural land is moderately or severely degraded and this makes soil restoration and protection a major challenge to&nbsp; achieve sustainable development and ensure food security. To help overcome these challenges, several NGO and projects have brought&nbsp; innovations to farmers through Agricultural Advice with the aim of improving agricultural productivity. Hence, this study aimed to&nbsp; highlight the socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) measures by agricultural women&nbsp; in the in the South-Center of Benin Republic. Data were collected through socio-anthropological surveys among 89 women farmers. The&nbsp; data collected were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that women farmers prefer SLM measures that are easy to apply and&nbsp; whose adoption does not lead to an increase in production costs, nor require having a large area of land. Such measures include&nbsp; valorization of harvest residues, crops association, as well as the cultivation of edible legumes such as pigeon. In contrast, they avoid SLM&nbsp; measures which require more investment in labor and/or other production factors or which require large area of land such as the&nbsp; use of animal dungs, mucuna, and crops rotation. Furthermore, socio-demographic factors such as low level of education, time dedicated&nbsp; to housework and sociological barriers are also decisive in the adoption of SLM measures by women farmers. Taking these&nbsp; factors into account by Agricultural Advice support NGO and projects would encourage the adoption of these SLM measures by the&nbsp; women farmers.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Nestor Alokpaï Tèko Augustin Kouevi Sidonie Dossi Allovognankou Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2300 2313 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.18 Influence des modes de gestion de Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst. et Guiera senegalensis J. F.Gmel. sur la macrofaune du sol en zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290026 <p>La conservation de la macrofaune du sol constitue l’un des défis majeurs pour le&nbsp; développement d’une agriculture durable. Ainsi, la&nbsp; compréhension et l’évaluation&nbsp; des effets des modes de gestion des arbustes sur la macrofaune du sol sont&nbsp; cruciales. L’étude avait pour&nbsp; objectif de déterminer l’influence des traitements&nbsp; recépage de Piliostigma reticulatum (T1) et Guiera senegalensis (T2), de la&nbsp;&nbsp; régénération naturelle assistée (RNA) de P. reticulatum (T3) et du paillage de la&nbsp; biomasse des deux arbustes (T4) sur la densité et la&nbsp; diversité de la macrofaune du&nbsp; sol. La macrofaune du sol a été échantillonnée en 2021 et 2022, selon la méthode&nbsp; des monolithes. Les plus&nbsp; fortes densités de la macrofaune du sol ont été observées&nbsp; en 2022 dans les traitements T4 (86 ± 02 individus.m-2 ) et T3 (81 ± 08&nbsp; individus.m-<sup>2</sup>&nbsp; ) pour l’ensemble de la couche 0 – 30 cm. Les indices de diversité et d’équitabilité les&nbsp; plus élevés ont été respectivement de&nbsp; 1,87 ± 0,56 et 0,83 ± 0,16 dans le&nbsp; traitement T4 et de 1,85 ± 0,85 et 0,85 ± 0,31 dans le traitement T3 en 2021. Ces&nbsp; résultats pourraient servir&nbsp; de références pour la modélisation d’un système&nbsp; adéquat d’intensification écologique de la gestion des arbustes .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>English title:&nbsp; Influence of Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst. and Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel. management methods on soil&nbsp; macrofauna in the northern Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso</strong></em><br><br></p> <p>Soil macrofauna conservation is one of the major challenges for the development of sustainable agriculture. Understanding and&nbsp; assessing the effects of shrub management methods on soil macrofauna is therefore crucial. The aim of the study was to determine the&nbsp; influence of the treatments pruning of Piliostigma reticulatum (T1) and Guiera senegalensis (T2), assisted natural regeneration (ANR) of&nbsp; <em>P. reticulatum (</em>T3) and mulching of the biomass of the two shrubs (T4) on the density and diversity of soil macrofauna. Soil macrofauna were sampled in 2021 and 2022, using the monolith method. The highest densities of soil macrofauna were observed in 2022 in&nbsp; treatments T4 (86 ± 02 individuals.m<sup>2</sup> ) and T3 (81 ± 08 individuals.m<sup>2</sup> ) for the entire 0 - 30 cm layer. The highest diversity and equitability&nbsp; indices were respectively 1.87 ± 0.56 and 0.83 ± 0.16 in treatment T4 and 1.85 ± 0.85 and 0.85 ± 0.31 in treatment T3 in 2021.&nbsp; These results could be used as references for modelling a suitable ecological intensification system for shrub management .&nbsp;</p> Bessibié Bazongo Cathy Clermont-Dauphin Harouna Zalle Mipro Hien Barthélémy Yelemou Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2314 2325 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.19 Composition, diversité, structure et stock de carbone de la strate ligneuse des zones pastorales au Burkina Faso https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290031 <p>Les zones pastorales apportent l’essentiel de l’alimentation pour le bétail. Comprendre la dynamique de la végétation des zones&nbsp; pastorales est important pour guider dans la proposition des stratégies pour leur management. Dans cette étude nous avons décrit la&nbsp; composition, la diversité, la structure et la capacité de stockage de carbone de deux zones pastorales du Burkina Faso. Pour ce faire, un&nbsp; inventaire forestier a été réalisé suivant un échantillonnage systématique à l’intérieur de 321 placettes de superficies unitaires de 900 m<sup>2</sup>. Les résultats ont indiqué que la flore ligneuse des sites étudiés était constituée de 103 espèces reparties en 77 genres et 32 familles. Les&nbsp; zones pastorales de l’Ouest étaient plus diversifiées que celles du centre-sud. La structure des ligneux de ces sites présentaient une&nbsp; distribution en forme de J-renversé caractérisant la dominance des individus de petit diamètre sur ceux de gros diamètre. Hormis&nbsp; Balanites aegyptiaca dans la zone pastorale de l’Ouest, la densité des espèces ligneuses fourragères était très faible (&lt;10 pieds/ha). Il&nbsp; était ressorti que les arbres du site d’étude de Sidéradougou ont produit la plus grande quantité de biomasse (118,39 tMS/ha) avec un&nbsp; stockage de carbone de 59,19 tC/ha. De ces résultats, il est nécessaire d’améliorer le disponible fourrager et la capacité de séquestration&nbsp; de carbone de l’atmosphère des zones pastorales du Burkina Faso.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title:</em> Composition, diversity, structure and carbon stock of the woody stratum of pastoral areas in Burkina</strong></p> <p>Pastoral areas provide most of the feed for livestock. Understanding the dynamics of pastoral vegetation is important to guide for&nbsp; formulating efficient strategies for their management. In this study, we described the composition, diversity, structure and carbon&nbsp; storage capacity of two pastoral areas of Burkina Faso. To do this, a forest inventory was carried out following a systematic sampling&nbsp; within 321 plots with unit areas of 900 m<sup>2</sup> . The results indicated that the woody flora of the studied sites consisted of 103 species divided into 77 genera and 32 families. The pastoral areas of the west area were more diversified than those of the center-south area. The&nbsp; structure of the woody plants of these sites presented an inverted J-shaped distribution pattern suggesting the dominance of individuals&nbsp; of small diameter over those of large diameter. Except for Balanites aegyptiaca in the western pastoral zone, the density of woody fodder&nbsp; species was very low (&lt;10 trees/ha). It appeared that trees in the Sideradougou study site produced the greatest amount of&nbsp; biomass (118.39 tDM/ha) with a carbon storage of 59.19 tC/ha. From these results, it is necessary to improve the fodder availability and&nbsp; the carbon sequestration capacity of the atmosphere in pastoral areas of Burkina Faso. &nbsp;</p> Souleymane Ouedraogo Abdoulaye Yao Paul Hahadoubouga Yarga Lassina Sanou Sebastien Kiema Baba Ouattara Hien Mipro Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2326 2343 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.20 Caractérisations socio-économiques, mise en place et gestion des plantations d’anacardiers (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L.) dans la région des Cascades, Burkina Faso https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290045 <p>La culture de l’anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) et l’exportation des anacardes sont cruciales pour l’économie du Burkina Faso. En&nbsp; plus de générer des revenus pour les populations rurales et des emplois, elle contribue à lutter contre la désertification et la dégradation&nbsp; environnementale. Malgré son grand potentiel, les données scientifiques sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques, les méthodes de&nbsp; culture et les contraintes liées à leurs productivités sont limitées. Cette étude visait à comprendre l’impact de la culture de l’anacardier&nbsp; sur les populations rurales et les contraintes associées à sa productivité. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des entretiens individuels ont été&nbsp; menés auprès des producteurs d’anacardes à Sidéradougou. Les résultats ont montré que les détenteurs de plantations étaient&nbsp; majoritairement des hommes (88,64%) et que l’âge moyen des producteurs est de 45 ans ± 10. Le semis direct est la méthode de&nbsp; plantation la plus adoptée par les producteurs (59,34%). Les&nbsp; plantations d’anacardiers étaient très peu productives en raison du manque&nbsp; de ressources pour leur entretien (49%), du vol (49%) et de la mauvaise performance du matériel végétal (24%). Le renforcement des&nbsp; capacités techniques des producteurs, l’introduction de matériel végétal efficace sont nécessaires pour améliorer la productivité.&nbsp;</p> Sébastien Ange Habih Nombre Issa Nombre Zenabou Semde Madjelia Cangré Ebou Dao Issaka Joseph Boussim Eloi Jean Prosper Nombre Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2344 2357 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6. Spatial structure of <i>Xylopia aethiopica</i> (Dunal) A. Rich., in the GuineoCongolean zone of Benin (West Africa) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290053 <p><em>Xylopia aethiopica</em> is a spice widely consumed in sub-Saharan Africa for the medicinal virtues of its fruits and seeds, whose distribution in&nbsp; its natural habitat is compromised by anthropic pressure. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of <em>Xylopia&nbsp; aethiopica</em> plants and the possible interactions (attraction, independence, repulsion) that exist between them under the direct or indirect&nbsp; influence of the environment in which they grow. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in habitats hosting <em>Xylopia aethiopica</em> in the&nbsp; Guineo-Congolean zone of Benin. The geographical coordinates of adult plants and seedling individuals of <em>Xylopia aethiopica</em> were&nbsp; collected in 50 m x 200 m rectangular plots. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the spatial distribution of adult plants and&nbsp; seedlings was significantly aggregated in the fields. However, a random distribution trend was noted among seedling individuals, due to&nbsp; anthropogenic environmental influences. In the semi-deciduous dense forest, adult plants were significantly aggregated, with a tendency&nbsp; towards random distribution over certain distances, whereas seedling individuals had a significant exclusively aggregated&nbsp; distribution. In the gallery forest, both adult plants and young individuals were significant aggregated. Bivariate analyses showed that in&nbsp; the fields and the semi-deciduous dense forest, spatial associations were positive (attraction) and there was a strong independence of&nbsp; seedling individuals from adult plants over certain distances. Moreover, spatial associations between adult plants and seedling&nbsp; individuals in gallery forest were exclusively positive (attraction). The results of this study could be useful for policies aimed at the&nbsp; sustainable conservation of vulnerable plant species in Benin.</p> Essè Florentin Zdissou Soufiyanou Karimou Agossou Brice Hugues Tente Ismaïla Toko Imorou Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2358 2371 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.22 Étude moléculaire de la diversité génétique des populations du lapin domestique (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) au Burkina Faso à l’aide de marqueurs microsatellites https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290054 <p>La gestion durable de la diversité génétique dans les élevages se fonde sur les variabilités inter et intrapopulations, qui peuvent être évaluées par les caractérisations morpho-biométriques, zootechniques et moléculaires. L’étude sur la diversité génétique des races&nbsp; indigènes permettra de conserver et d'améliorer durablement ces races. Le présent travail avait pour objectif d’étudier les variabilités&nbsp; génétiques inter et intrapopulations des lapins au Burkina Faso par l’analyse du polymorphisme de dix marqueurs microsatellites. Elle a été conduite dans les quatre zones agroécologiques, dans sept régions du Burkina Faso et a couvert huit villes. Globalement, le sang total&nbsp; a été prélevé chez 91 lapins des deux sexes (mâle et femelle) au niveau de la veine auriculaire médiane. Ces lapins ont été&nbsp; échantillonnés selon leur apparentement et leur origine donnés par le propriétaire. Le génotypage a été réalisé à l’aide de dix (n=10)&nbsp; marqueurs microsatellites (Lsa1, Sat2, Sat3, Sat4, Sat5, Sat7, Sat8, Sat12, Sat13, Sat16) du lapin sur un séquenceur automatique DNA&nbsp; Analyzer 4300 (LICOR) au CIRDES à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Au total, 47 allèles différents ont été identifiés dans la population de lapins échantillonnés sur l’ensemble des zones agroécologiques (sous-populations) pour les 10 marqueurs microsatellites utilisés. Les&nbsp; valeurs moyennes des hétérozygoties attendues He par marqueur sur l’ensemble de la population variaient de 0,17 pour le locus Lsa1 à&nbsp; 0,70 pour les locus Sat12 alors que celles de hétérozygoties observées Ho variaient de 0,09 pour le locus Sat4 à 0,52 pour le locus Sol08.&nbsp; De plus, l’analyse de la structuration génétique montre l’existence de trois sous-populations. Dans toutes ces sous-populations, les&nbsp; valeurs de FIS étaient significativement élevées, avec une valeur globale de 0,373 pour l’ensemble des loci et des souspopulations. Ces&nbsp; résultats indiquent de forts déficits en hétérozygotes tant au niveau des sous-populations de lapins qu’au niveau de la population totale.&nbsp;</p> Bakari Traoré Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo Martin Bienvenu Somda Ollo Chérubin Hien Adrien Marie Gaston Belem Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2372 2387 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.23 Antifungal activity of aqueous extract of garlic and oils of carapa and neem on the causal agent of tomato late blight disease https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290059 <p>This study evaluated the antifungal activity of plant extracts against Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of tomato late blight. It was&nbsp; conducted in an insect-proof high tunnel using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included&nbsp; aqueous garlic extract (0.2 g/mL), carapa oil (12% (v/v)) and neem oil (20% (v/v)), mancozeb 80 WP-based fungicide (5 g/L), and the&nbsp; untreated control. The biopesticides were applied once a week, while the chemical fungicide was applied once a fortnight. Applications&nbsp; were done before or after inoculation with 3×10<sup>5</sup> zoospores/mL of the pathogen. Recorded disease incidence varied from 50-100% for&nbsp; ancozeb to neem oil for preventive treatments and 100% for curative treatments. There was no significant difference in the severity of&nbsp; symptoms between aqueous garlic extract and mancozeb. The severity index ranged from 13.33 to 17.22% before inoculation to 20.0 to&nbsp; 25.0% after inoculation at the fruiting stage. The severity index of the untreated control was 58.34%. However, the net potential yield after&nbsp; inoculation with mancozeb (8.08 t/ha) was higher than that obtained with aqueous garlic extract (6.56 t/ha), carapa oil (4.95 t/ha), and neem oil (4.66 t/ha) compared to 4.55 t/ha for the untreated control. Hence, aqueous garlic extract can be used in integrated tomato&nbsp; late blight control programs.&nbsp;</p> Alahou André Gabaze Gadji Noupé Diakaria Coulibaly Eric-Olivier Tienebo Christian-Landry Ossey Aya Félicité N’gaza Mako N’gbesso Lassina Fondio Kouabenan Abo Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2388 2398 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.24 Prediction of trace element dynamics at the Lite-Bala site in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290062 <p>The transfer of trace elements from the soil to plants is determined by the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil, the nature and&nbsp; content of the trace elements and the duration of exposure. The aim of this study is to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of&nbsp; the soils at Lite-Bala that influence this transfer. Random sampling and analysis of physico-chemical parameters were carried out.&nbsp; Statistics were used to visualise the results and identify the key variables. The study showed that soils and sediments were more acidic&nbsp; (4.55 ± 0.35 - 5.86 ± 0.16) and oxidising (319.19 ± 8.18 – 387.58 ± 20.78 mV) than surface and pore waters (pH 6.43 ± 0.32 - 6.72 ± 0.49 and&nbsp; Eh ≤ 280 mV). Organic carbon levels were low (&lt; 1.5%). Soil and sediment clay contents ranged from around 35 - 42% and 7 - 17%&nbsp; respectively. Statistically, the total inertia rate of 91.4 indicates with certainty that pH, oxidising power, clay and sand content regulate the&nbsp; transfer of trace elements from the soil to plants. There is a proven risk to human health and the environment at the Lite-Bala site.&nbsp; Monitoring and quantification of trace elements at the site is necessary to protect human health and the environment.&nbsp;</p> Stéphane Ngalula Mbuyamba Dorothée Dinangayi Tshilanda Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana Franck Alfred Gérard D'almeida Nicaise Yalo Jean-Paul Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Christophe Kaki Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2399 2411 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.25 Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et microbiologique des eaux à usages domestiques du quartier Kahounga, Brazzaville, République du Congo https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290063 <p>Les populations du quartier Kahounga utilisent les eaux des puits comme eaux à usages domestiques au détriment de l’eau fournie par&nbsp; la Congolaise de eaux (LCDE). Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique et microbiologique des eaux prélevées&nbsp; dans sept (07) puis au quartier Kahounga, Brazzaville, république du Congo. Plusieurs méthodes d’études ont été utilisées : le pH a été&nbsp; mesuré par la méthode pHmétrique, le TDS (total solide dissout) et la CE (conductivité électrique) par la méthode conductimétrique, la turbidité par ma méthode turbidimétrique, les matières en suspension, le magnésium, le calcium, le sulfate, le nitrate, bicarbonate ont&nbsp; été dosé par la méthode spectrométrique. Les germes totaux, les coliformes totaux, les coliformes fécaux et les bactéries sulfito- réductrices ont été mesurés par la méthode de filtration sur membrane. Les valeurs moyennes ont été comparées aux normes de l’OMS&nbsp; relatives aux eaux de consommation. L’étude de la corrélation entre les variables a été aussi appliquée. Il ressort des résultats que les&nbsp; eaux des puits sont légèrement acides avec moyenne de pH de 6,78 ± 0,42. Elles sont faiblement minéralisées avec une conductivité électrique moyenne de 232,13 ± 91,42 μS/cm. Ces eaux sont riches en matières en suspension avec une moyenne de 3,51 ± 2,57 mg/L. De&nbsp; même ces eaux sont riches en nitrate avec une valeur moyenne de 71,25 ± 43,4 mg /L. Les eaux des puits de Kahounga sont infectées par&nbsp; les germes totaux et coliformes totaux. Une forte corrélation est constatée entre plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques. Les eaux des&nbsp; puits de Kahounga ne sont pas conformes aux directives de l’OMS, donc déconseillées à l’usage domestique.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>English title: Evaluation of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water for </em></strong><strong><em>domestic use in the Kahounga district,&nbsp; Brazzaville, (Republic of Congo)</em></strong></p> <p>The populations of the Kahounga district use well water as water for domestic use to the detriment of water supplied by Congolaise de&nbsp; eaux (LCDE). The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water collected in seven (07) then in&nbsp; the Kahounga district, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Several study methods were used: pH was measured by the pH-metric method, TDS&nbsp; (total dissolved solids) and EC (electrical conductivity) by the conductimetric method, turbidity by my turbidimetric method, suspended matter, magnesium, calcium, sulfate, nitrate, bicarbonate were measured by the spectrometric method. Total germs, total&nbsp; coliforms, fecal coliforms and sulfite-reducing bacteria were measured by the membrane filtration method. The average values were&nbsp; compared to WHO standards for drinking water. The study of the correlation between the variables was also applied. The results show&nbsp; that the well waters are slightly acidic with an average pH of 6.78 ± 0.42. They are weakly mineralized with an average electrical&nbsp; conductivity of 232.13 ± 91.42 μS/cm. These waters are rich in suspended matter with an average of 3.51 ± 2.57 mg/L. Similarly, these waters are rich in nitrate with an average value of 71.25 ± 43.4 mg/L. The waters of the Kahounga wells are infected by total germs and&nbsp; total coliforms. A strong correlation is noted between several physicochemical parameters. The waters of the Kahounga wells do not&nbsp; comply with WHO guidelines, therefore not recommended for domestic use.</p> Avinth Carmel Kounampo-Okouo Christ Bardoul Engambe Merline Lady Kouhounina Banzouzi Merline Lady Kouhounina Banzouzi Promesse Moussoki Nsona Jean Claude Bibila Mafoumba Martin Tchoumou Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2412 2421 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.26 The effect of household waste compost and horse manure on physicochemical parameters and biodegradation of total hydrocarbons in sludge polluted by hydrocarbons discharged from an oil refinery in the Republic of Congo https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/290064 <p>This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of organic amendments on the treatment of sludge polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons&nbsp; from a refinery in Congo. The experimental device included 10 mini treatment basins with three randomized replications. The experiment&nbsp; was based on a 365-day landfarming technique combining two organic materials (horse manure and compost) and a&nbsp; mixture of the two, added in proportions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, and a control with no amendment. During treatment, samples were taken&nbsp; and physico-chemical analyses carried out using conventional methods. The results showed that the averages for pH, moisture,&nbsp; electrical conductivity, organic matter and C/N ratio ranged throughout the treatment period from 6.8 to 8.1, 8.5% to 20.3%, 108.46 to&nbsp; 442.88 µs/cm, 8.03% to 9.13% and 36.40 to 61.99 respectively. These physicochemical parameters are in accordance with the hydrocarbon&nbsp; biodegradation standards related to good microbial activity. The total hydrocarbon degradation rates ranged from 34.90 for the control&nbsp; and 74% for the HM+CP 1.5% treatment. Thus, the contribution of organic amendments significantly improved the degradation rate of&nbsp; total hydrocarbons in treated sludge.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> Vitaline Vanessa Morabo Okoletimou Jean de Dieu Nzila Noël Watha-Ndoudy Augustin Aimé Lebonguy Copyright (c) 2025 2025-02-27 2025-02-27 18 6 2422 2438 10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.27