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Feb 22, 2024Keywords:
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Effets combinés de la roche phosphatée et des fertilisants chimiques sur les paramètres agronomiques du riz pluvial dans trois zones agroécologiques de la Côte D’Ivoire
Abstract
En Côte d’Ivoire, la surexploitation des parcelles rizicoles induit une acidification des sols, rend le phosphore peu disponible à la nutrition des cultures. Dans le but de tester l’efficacité agronomique des amendements phosphatés sur le riz pluvial dans trois zones agroécologiques (Man, Gagnoa et Bouaké), huit traitements à base de roche phosphatée du Maroc (RP) et de triple superphosphate (TSP) [T0a (témoin absolu, sans engrais) ; T0 (Pratique paysanne, NPK) ; T1 (100 RP+ 0% TSP) ; T2 (90% RP+ 10% TSP) ; T3 (80% RP+ 20% TSP) ; T4 (40% RP+ 60% TSP) ; T5 (20% RP+ 80% TSP) ; T6 (0% RP+ 100% TSP)] ont été élaborés et appliqués au champ. Nos résultats indiquent que les sols de Man et de Gagnoa ont un RDG respectivement 2,29 t.ha-1 et 1,92 t.ha-1 , et un RDP respectivement 3,13 t.ha-1 et 2,96 t.ha-1 plus élevés qu’à Bouaké (1,47 t.ha-1 RDG et 2,23 t.ha-1 RDP). Le taux d’augmentation relative du RDG par rapport à T0 est plus important à Man (300%) qu’à Gagnoa et Bouaké. Cette différence pourrait être lié au pH des sols des zones qui semble influencer l'efficacité agronomique des AP proposés. Toutefois, quelle que soit la zone d’étude la combinaison 80% de RP du Maroc et 20% TSP semble être le meilleur amendement.
English title: Combined effect of phosphate rock and chemical fertilizers on agronomic parameters of rainfed rice in three agro-ecological zones of Côte d'Ivoire
In Ivory Coast, the continuous exploitation of paddy soil year after year leads to long-term soil acidification, resulting in the unavailability of phosphorus and a restriction on crop production. To evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate amendment on rainfed rice cultivation in three agro-ecological zones of Côte d'Ivoire (Man, Gagnoa, and Bouaké), eight treatments were developed and applied within the fields. These treatments consisted of different combinations of Moroccan phosphate rock (PR) and triple super phosphate (TSP), namely, T0a (absolute control without fertilizer), T0 (peasant practice, NPK), T1 (100% RP + 0% TSP), T2 (90% RP + 10% TSP), T3 (80% RP + 20% TSP), T4 (40% RP + 60% TSP), T5 (20% RP + 80% TSP), and T6 (0% RP + 100% TSP). The results of our study indicate that the soils in Man and Gagnoa exhibited higher grain yields (GY), measuring 2.29 t.ha-1 and 1.92 t.ha-1 respectively, as well as higher straw yields (SY) of 3.13 t.ha-1 and 2.96 t.ha-1 respectively, in comparison to Bouaké, which had GY of 1.47 t.ha-1 and SY of 2.23 t.ha-1 . The relative rate of increase in grain yield compared with the control was more significant in Man (300%) than in Gagnoa (262,6%) and Bouaké (187,4%). This divergence could be attributed to the soil pH, which appears to influence the agronomic efficiency. Regardless of the study zone, the combination of 80% Moroccan PR and 20% TSP demonstrated optimal effectiveness as an amendment.
