Risk factors for infection with equine influenza virus in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Senegal

Abstract

In recent years, outbreaks of equine influenza are reported in several countries in the world particulary in Africa. This study is designed to assess the potential risk factors associated with equine influenza virus infection in donkeys in Senegal. The study consists in comparing, depending on the exposure to risk factors, a batch of donkeys infected with the equine influenza virus to another batch of donkeys not infected with the virus during the epizootic of March 2019 which affected the department of Foundiougne. The study reveals that the spread of the equine influenza virus in Foundiougne is associated with the lack of access to veterinary care and infected donkeys were exposed in a ratio of 2 times (95% CI: 1.38; 4.71) more than donkeys unharmed. The wandering of donkeys is also linked with the disease. The indicator reflecting the strength of the relationship, the Odds Ratio is 2.06 (95% CI: 1.10; 3.87). However, the results indicate that attendance at rural markets (Odds Ratio = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.44; 1.82), young age (Odds Ratio = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.55) and female sex (Odds Ratio = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.57; 1, 66) do not appear to be related to the spread of the disease. At present, in Senegal, control focused on sensitizing and informing donkey owners on the sanitary management and rational use of donkeys is essential for their well-being.